Table 5.
Exploratory Text Analysis
| Personal Pronouns | Six-Letter Words | Words per Sentence | Social Words | Family Words | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | |
| UV Intervention | 0.82 | 34.12 | .000 | −0.16 | 4.02 | .000 | 0.11 | 2.58 | .010 | 0.53 | 14.40 | .000 | 0.37 | 9.43 | .000 |
| URM | 0.02 | 0.95 | .342 | −0.02 | 0.64 | .520 | −0.03 | 0.92 | .361 | 0.05 | 1.56 | .118 | 0.02 | 0.77 | .443 |
| FG | 0.00 | 0.13 | .900 | 0.02 | 0.36 | .718 | −0.08 | 1.93 | .053 | 0.08 | 2.09 | .037 | 0.05 | 1.27 | .205 |
| URM x FG | 0.00 | 0.13 | .895 | 0.02 | 0.49 | .627 | −0.06 | 1.46 | .145 | 0.05 | 1.41 | .158 | −0.01 | 0.19 | .852 |
| UV x URM | −0.01 | 0.23 | .815 | 0.07 | 1.80 | .073 | 0.09 | 2.02 | .043 | 0.04 | 1.02 | .307 | 0.01 | 0.23 | .817 |
| UV x FG | 0.02 | 0.96 | .340 | 0.02 | 0.37 | .712 | −0.02 | 0.38 | .703 | 0.07 | 1.94 | .053 | 0.07 | 1.67 | .095 |
| UV x URM x FG | 0.02 | 0.95 | .343 | 0.07 | 1.69 | .092 | 0.00 | 0.04 | .972 | 0.11 | 3.07 | .002 | 0.08 | 2.02 | .043 |
| Confidence | 0.02 | 0.82 | .413 | 0.01 | 0.33 | .740 | −0.02 | 0.45 | .653 | −0.02 | 0.73 | .464 | −0.02 | 0.63 | .530 |
| Prior GPA | −0.03 | 1.66 | .098 | 0.25 | 8.08 | .000 | −0.01 | 0.15 | .879 | 0.03 | 0.89 | .375 | 0.06 | 1.84 | .066 |
| UV x Confidence | −0.01 | 0.51 | .610 | −0.03 | 0.83 | .410 | 0.01 | 0.32 | .747 | 0.01 | 0.50 | .619 | −0.03 | 1.00 | .317 |
| UV x Prior GPA | 0.04 | 2.25 | .025 | −0.04 | 1.29 | .198 | 0.04 | 1.21 | .225 | 0.01 | 0.41 | .682 | 0.02 | 0.72 | .472 |
| Gender | −0.01 | 0.49 | .624 | 0.03 | 0.93 | .354 | −0.10 | 2.95 | .003 | −0.04 | 1.38 | .169 | 0.09 | 2.84 | .005 |
| Friend Words | Human Words | Cognitive Mechanism Words | Insight Words | Causal Words | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | |
| UV Intervention | 0.11 | 2.61 | .009 | 0.25 | 5.98 | .000 | 0.21 | 5.03 | .000 | 0.33 | 8.18 | .000 | 0.01 | 0.22 | .825 |
| URM | 0.04 | 1.13 | .258 | 0.02 | 0.66 | .512 | −0.03 | 0.93 | .352 | 0.04 | 1.36 | .174 | 0.02 | 0.51 | .611 |
| FG | −0.09 | 2.15 | .032 | −0.03 | 0.65 | .514 | 0.05 | 1.11 | .267 | 0.03 | 0.60 | .546 | 0.04 | 0.96 | .337 |
| URM x FG | −0.04 | 0.88 | .380 | −0.02 | 0.56 | .576 | 0.05 | 1.13 | .259 | 0.03 | 0.76 | .450 | 0.03 | 0.69 | .493 |
| UV x URM | −0.02 | −0.35 | .727 | 0.00 | 0.10 | .923 | 0.02 | 0.35 | .724 | 0.03 | 0.68 | .495 | 0.02 | 0.40 | .688 |
| UV x FG | 0.03 | 0.68 | .497 | 0.02 | 0.59 | .558 | 0.05 | 1.18 | .237 | 0.07 | 1.62 | .105 | 0.00 | 0.06 | .953 |
| UV x URM x FG | 0.02 | 0.41 | .680 | 0.02 | 0.52 | .607 | 0.10 | 2.33 | .020 | 0.11 | 2.83 | .005 | 0.05 | 1.10 | .271 |
| Confidence | 0.04 | 1.12 | .265 | −0.04 | 1.15 | .251 | 0.04 | 1.35 | .178 | 0.03 | 0.83 | .408 | 0.05 | 1.52 | .129 |
| Prior GPA | 0.00 | 0.05 | .960 | 0.00 | 0.01 | .996 | 0.11 | 3.31 | .001 | 0.03 | 0.84 | .400 | 0.13 | 3.84 | .000 |
| UV x Confidence | 0.00 | 0.09 | .925 | −0.06 | 1.89 | .060 | 0.02 | 0.60 | .552 | −0.04 | 1.17 | .242 | −0.05 | 1.54 | .125 |
| UV x Prior GPA | 0.04 | 1.30 | .193 | 0.02 | 0.55 | .583 | 0.01 | 0.25 | .802 | 0.04 | 1.21 | .226 | −0.04 | 1.14 | .255 |
| Gender | 0.07 | 2.27 | .024 | 0.04 | 1.24 | .216 | −0.05 | 1.59 | .112 | −0.03 | 0.96 | .339 | −0.04 | 1.14 | .256 |
Note. df = 1027. UV= Utility Value intervention condition (UV =+ 1, Control = −1), URM = Underrepresented Minority (URM = +1, Majority = −1), FG = First-generation (FG =+ 1, Continuing-generation = −1). Confidence = Confidence about performance. Gender (Female= +1, Male = −1).