Table 1.

Description of the Happy Family Kitchen II Program.

Theme	Purpose	Suggested activities and homework assignments
Joy	The purpose of the joy intervention was to cultivate happiness through positive communication with family members.	Activity 1: participants were encouraged to share and reminisce about their happy experiences with family members and create more happy experiences by enjoying a meal together.Activity 2: each family member wrote down the things that are most commonly said and heard at home and discussed how the negative messages can be rephrased.Homework 1: share a happy experience during family dinner every day and keep a daily diary of the sharing.Homework 2: avoid the negative communication style at home.
Gratitude	The gratitude intervention was intended to nurture a habit of expressing gratitude and appreciation toward family members, especially for the preparation of family meals.	Activity: participants discussed about their family members’ contribution to family meals and other chores and expressed appreciation through words or action.Homework: write down gratifying and praiseful messages toward family members and store them in a collection box for sharing.
Flow	In the flow intervention, the goal was to identify each other’s strengths, increase interaction, and encourage mutual cooperation.	Activity: participants learned to prepare a family meal together, and through this process, learned to cooperate and recognize each other’s strengths.Homework: take photos of family gatherings to keep a record of events that involved the contribution of each family member.
Savoring	In the savoring intervention, the goal was to nurture a habit of savoring food prepared by family members and treasuring the time during family meals.	Activity 1: blindfolded participants were spoon-fed by their family member and were asked to guess what was fed to them to emphasize the importance of savoring and communication.Activity 2: participants were asked to guess the ingredients of several specified dishes and were explained the importance of savoring and respect during family meals.Homework 1: keep a record of family meals that start and end together.Homework 2: take time to learn family recipes from a family member who cooks regularly so that his or her efforts are understood.
Listening	The listening intervention focused on active listening skills so that family members’ feelings, emotions, and concerns can be understood.	Activity 1: participants played a game that involved matching emotion adjectives so that they can better express and respond to emotions during family meals.Activity 2: participants took turns to read a hypothetical passage that described their emotions of the day, and their family members were instructed to respond appropriately by considering their thoughts, feelings, and concerns.Homework 1: keep a diary that records the emotions of family members every day.Homework 2: practice active listening every day.