Table 5.

Changes in Groups A and B compared with Group C on family communication and well-being by theme.

Theme	Outcome measures	Change difference (ESa,b)
		T3–T1	T4–T1
Joy	Family communication	0.07	0.06
	Family health	0.03	0.15
	Family happiness	0.08	0.26**
	Family harmony	-0.04	0.17
Gratitude	Family communication	0.11	0.11
	Family health	0.29**	0.04
	Family happiness	0.04	0.07
	Family harmony	0.02	0.13
Flow	Family communication	0.13	-0.06
	Family health	0.23*	0.18
	Family happiness	0.22*	0.19
	Family harmony	0.10	0.16
Savoring	Family communication	0.03	0.04
	Family health	0.26**	0.10
	Family happiness	0.22*	0.20*
	Family harmony	0.07	0.02
Listening	Family communication	-0.01	-0.01
	Family health	0.13	-0.02
	Family happiness	0.08	0.05
	Family harmony	-0.01	0.03

Group A (n = 419); Group B (n = 409); Group C (n = 433).

Excluded young participants aged <12 years.

^a*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

^bEffect size (ES) = Cohen’s d (small = 0.20; medium = 0.50; large = 0.80).