Table 2. Patients Demographics, Clinical Presentations and Outcomes in the MVC Group According to Injury Severity Scorea.
| ISS ≤ 15 | ISS > 15 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, No. (%) | 341 (44.8) | 421 (55.2) | |
| Mean age, y | 33.4 ± 14.7 | 31.6 ± 14 | 0.09 |
| Male | 87.7 | 95.5 | 0.001 |
| Overall mortality | 2.1 | 19.5 | 0.001 |
| Lung injury | 63 | 83 | 0.001 |
| Rib fracture | 67 | 53 | 0.001 |
| Pneumothorax | 26 | 30 | 0.28 |
| Hemothorax | 16 | 29 | 0.001 |
| Cardiac injury | 1.5 | 2.6 | 0.27 |
| Protective measures used | 0.001 | ||
| Seatbelt only | 24.1 | 10.4 | |
| Airbag + Seatbelt | 3.2 | 1.2 | |
| Airbag Only | 2.1 | 1.2 | |
| Position in vehicle | 0.03 | ||
| Driver | 64.6 | 60.5 | |
| Front passenger | 12.9 | 13.8 | |
| Back passenger | 14.8 | 10.7 | |
| Unknown | 7.7 | 15 | |
| Associated injuries | |||
| Head injury | 17.3 | 60.5 | 0.001 |
| Spleen injury | 5.3 | 16.6 | 0.001 |
| Liver injury | 6 | 20 | 0.001 |
| Kidney injury | 2.1 | 7.6 | 0.001 |
| Interventions | |||
| Exploratory Laparotomy | 1.5 | 10.9 | 0.001 |
| Tracheostomy | 0.6 | 8 | 0.001 |
| Thoracic tube | 8.5 | 28.6 | 0.001 |
| Craniotomy | 0 | 5.2 | 0.001 |
| ORIF | 9 | 22 | 0.001 |
| Intubation | 9.4 | 46.6 | 0.001 |
| Thoracotomy | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.02 |
| Hospital stay (median) | 4 (1 - 64) | 13 (1 - 186) | 0.001 |
| Chest AIS | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 3 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 0.9 | 7.8 | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AIS, abbreviated injury scale; CT, computed tomography; ISS, injury severity score; ORIF, open reduction internal fixation; SD, standard deviation.
aValues are expressed as mean ± SD or %.