Table 3. Patients Demographics, Clinical Presentations and Outcomes in the PMVA Group According to Injury Severity Scorea.
| ISS ≤ 15 | ISS > 15 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 86 (38.2) | 139 (61.8) | |
| Mean age | 30.5 ± 17.6 | 34.7 ± 15 | .06 |
| Male | 92 | 94 | .63 |
| Hospital stay | 6 (1 - 61) | 12 (1 - 168) | .004 |
| Chest AIS | 2.4 ± 1 | 3 ± 0.6 | .001 |
| Pneumonia | 1.2 | 7.9 | .02 |
| Overall mortality | 9.3 | 29.5 | .001 |
| Associated injuries | |||
| Head injury | 32.6 | 68.3 | .001 |
| Lung injury | 71 | 81 | .07 |
| Rib fracture | 49 | 55 | .33 |
| Hemothorax | 20 | 27 | .21 |
| Pneumothorax | 33 | 35 | .75 |
| Cardiac injury | 1.2 | 1.4 | .86 |
| Spleen injury | 6 | 22 | .001 |
| Liver injury | 14 | 22 | .12 |
| Kidney injury | 5.8 | 9.4 | .34 |
| Interventions | |||
| Exploratory laparotomy | 9.3 | 12.2 | .49 |
| Tracheostomy | 0 | 6 | .02 |
| Thoracic tube | 11 | 26 | .007 |
| Craniotomy | 3.5 | 6.5 | .33 |
| ORIF | 11.6 | 18 | .20 |
| Intubation | 16.3 | 51.8 | .001 |
| Thoracotomy | 1.2 | 2.2 | .58 |
Abbreviations: AIS, abbreviated injury scale; CT, computed tomography; ISS, injury severity score; ORIF, open reduction internal fixation; SD, standard deviation.
aValues are presented as mean ± SD or No. (%).