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. 2015 Sep 7;34(2):107–113. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010674

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Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-8) levels measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained via tracheal cannulation of 60 unrestrained rats assigned to a control group (n=12) or exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months to induce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and treated with verum acupuncture (COPD+Acupuncture, n=12), sham acupuncture (COPD+Sham, n=12) or left untreated (COPD, n=12). *p<0.01, compared to control group; ^▴p<0.05, compared to COPD group. Data are presented as the mean±SEM.