Table 4. Odds ratio for CKD: complex samples analysis (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011−2013).
| Characteristics* | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Age-sex adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Fully adjusted odds ratio† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, 20-year increment | 3.6 (3.2–3.9) | 3.6 (3.2–3.9) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) |
| Female sex | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| Diabetes | 6.0 (5.1–7.0) | 3.4 (2.8–4.0) | 2.7 (2.2–3.2) |
| Hypertension | 5.9 (5.1–6.8) | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) |
| Diagnosed cardiovascular disease | 4.8 (3.9–5.9) | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) |
| Body mass index‡, kg/m2 | |||
| ≥ 30.0 | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) | 3.4 (2.5–4.6) | 2.1 (1.5–3.0) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
| < 18.5 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) |
| Smoker | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Education, < high school graduate | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| Household income, lower 1/4 | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Residential area, rural | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CI, confidence interval.
*The group without each corresponding characteristics served as the reference; †The odds ratio was adjusted for all other variables, and the variables included in the model were age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, body mass index category, smoking, education, income, and residence; ‡The group with a body mass index of 18.5−24.9 kg/m2 served as the reference.