Table 5. Comparison of baseline characteristics and CKD prevalence according to nationwide studies in Korea, China, and the United States.
| Characteristics | Korea* | China | United States | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–2013 (n = 15,319) |
2009–2010 (n = 47,204) |
1988–1994 (n = 15,448) |
1999–2004 (n = 13,233) |
|
| Age (mean), yr | 46.1 | 49.6 | 44.8 | 46.2 |
| Female sex, % | 47.2 | 57.3 | 52.2 | 51.8 |
| eGFR (mean), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 95.9 | 101.2 | 92.7 | 87.4 |
| ACR (mean), mg/g | 18.3 | 6.6 | 25.4 | 28.6 |
| ACR > 30 mg/g, % | 6.7 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 9.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 9.2 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 6.8 |
| Hypertension, % | 26.7 | 35.4 | 23.8 | 27.1 |
| Diagnosed cardiovascular disease, % | 3.2 | 2.6 | N/A | N/A |
| Body mass index (mean), kg/m2 | 23.9 | 23.9 | 26.6 | 28.1 |
| CKD stage, % | ||||
| Total | 8.2 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 13.1 |
| 1 | 3.0 | 5.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| 2 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 |
| 3a | 1.9 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 7.7 |
| 3b | 0.4 | 0.2 | ||
| 4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| 5 | 0.03 | N/A | N/A | |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; N/A, not applicable.
*Data are presented as the weighted percent or mean estimate.