Table 3. Comparison of characteristics of participants with or without cataract surgery in at least one eye and its clinical determinants using logistic regression analyses (LRAs) from the 5-year data of the KNHANES (2008–2012).
| Parameters | Participants without any cataract surgery | Participants with cataract surgery | Adjusted LRA (Age group, sex, and smoking status) |
Multivariate Model LRA (using all variables with P < 0.100 in adjusted analysis) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (weighted %) | No. (weighted %) | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Demographics > | ||||||
| Age groups, yr | P trend | < 0.001 | P trend | < 0.001 | ||
| 40-49 | 5,302 (39.39) | 51 (4.51) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 50-59 | 5,156 (31.49) | 132 (9.36) | 2.64 (1.82-3.82) | < 0.001 | 2.57 (1.74-3.80) | < 0.001 |
| 60-69 | 4,361 (17.29) | 495 (23.95) | 11.76 (8.47-16.33) | < 0.001 | 9.90 (6.90-14.22) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 70 | 3,145 (11.83) | 1,311 (62.18) | 43.73 (31.81-60.13) | < 0.001 | 31.71 (22.08-45.54) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 7,770 (48.55) | 774 (39.37) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Women | 10,194 (51.45) | 1,215 (60.63) | 1.28 (1.05-1.56) | 0.017 | 1.03 (0.82-1.29) | 0.826 |
| Smoking | P trend | 0.045 | P trend | 0.257 | ||
| Never | 10,418 (54.27) | 1,132 (58.35) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Ex | 3,841 (22.46) | 520 (27.56) | 1.27 (1.02-1.57) | 0.031 | 1.19 (0.95-1.50) | 0.139 |
| Current | 3,328 (23.27) | 252 (14.10) | 1.03 (0.81-1.29) | 0.835 | 1.03 (0.81-1.31) | 0.821 |
| House income | ||||||
| > 50% | 8,634 (45.46) | 519 (29.56) | 1 (reference) | NA | NA | |
| ≤ 50% | 9,060 (54.54) | 1,435 (70.44) | 1.03 (0.89-1.20) | 0.661 | NA | NA |
| Education | ||||||
| ≥ High school | 8,539 (54.70) | 429 (22.82) | 1 (reference) | NA | NA | |
| ≤ Middle school | 9,049 (45.30) | 1,472 (77.18) | 1.09 (0.92-1.29) | 0.304 | NA | NA |
| Occupation | P trend | < 0.001 | P trend | < 0.001 | ||
| Blue collar | 4,739 (31.78) | 159 (9.91) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| White collar | 5,875 (34.11) | 448 (22.56) | 1.23 (0.96-1.57) | 0.103 | 1.18 (0.91-1.53) | 0.211 |
| Inoccupation | 6,953 (34.11) | 1,292 (67.53) | 1.56 (1.33-1.83) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.20-1.70) | < 0.001 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 13114 (76.38) | 1345 (70.34) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Rural | 4850 (23.62) | 644 (29.66) | 0.84 (0.72-0.98) | 0.024 | 1.00 (0.84-1.17) | 0.953 |
| Sun exposure | ||||||
| < 5 hr/day | 13,746 (79.83) | 1,468 (76.34) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| ≥ 5 hr/day | 4,087 (20.17) | 507 (23.66) | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 0.067 | 0.99 (0.84-1.17) | 0.906 |
| Medical history > | ||||||
| Hypertension | 5,188 (25.45) | 1,004 (52.30) | 1.31 (1.15-1.49) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.04-1.38) | 0.011 |
| DM | 1,835 (9.17) | 445 (22.19) | 1.67 (1.44-1.95) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.24-1.73) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2,371 (12.22) | 360 (18.53) | 1.40 (1.17-1.67) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.00-1.45) | 0.054 |
| Stroke | 468 (2.04) | 107 (5.19) | 1.12 (0.86-1.44) | 0.401 | ||
| MI or IHD | 603 (2.80) | 152 (7.52) | 1.49 (1.16-1.91) | 0.002 | 1.21 (0.93-1.58) | 0.156 |
| OA or RA | 3,831 (18.02) | 777 (37.97) | 1.26 (1.09-1.45) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.00-1.35) | 0.044 |
| Pulmonary Tb | 1,250 (6.71) | 148 (7.84) | 0.92 (0.73-1.17) | 0.514 | ||
| Asthma | 821 (4.27) | 164 (8.89) | 1.35 (1.07-1.71) | 0.011 | 1.30 (1.03-1.65) | 0.030 |
| Clinical measures > | ||||||
| BMI | ||||||
| < 25 | 11,687 (64.36) | 1,348 (67.92) | 1 (reference) | NA | NA | |
| ≥ 25 | 6,236 (35.64) | 634 (32.08) | 0.92 (0.81-1.04) | 0.196 | NA | NA |
| WC | ||||||
| Normal | 10,488 (60.78) | 1,015 (52.03) | 1 (reference) | NA | NA | |
| ≥ 90 cm (men) | 7,476 (39.22) | 974 (47.97) | 1.02 (0.90-1.15) | 0.769 | NA | NA |
| ≥ 80 cm (women) | ||||||
| Anemia | 1,558 (8.42) | 286 (16.15) | 1.44 (1.20-1.73) | < 0.001 | 1.40 (1.16-1.70) | < 0.001 |
| HBsAg carrier | 659 (4.21) | 35 (2.81) | 0.94 (0.62-1.42) | 0.758 | NA | NA |
KNHANES, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Unadjusted, unadjusted simple logistic regression analysis; Adjusted, age groups, sex, and smoking status-adjusted logistic regression analysis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Never, never-smoker; Ex, ex-smoker; Current, current smoker; DM, diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; IHD, ischemic heart disease; OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; Tb, tuberculosis; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; NA, Not Applicable.