Table 5.

Hierarchical Linear Regressions Examining Changes in HOMA-IR Predicting Changes Cognitive Function from Baseline to 12 Months

	B	SE B	β	ΔR2	ΔF
Digit Span Forward (n = 79)				.00	.01
Age	−.04	.03	−.140
BL HOMA-IR	<.001	.07	.006
BL Digits Forward	.37	.12	.335**
12 Month HOMA-IR	.03	.27	.013
Digit Span Backward (n = 78)				.06	5.17*
Age	−.07	.03	−.227*
BL HOMA-IR	<.001	.07	−.007
BL Digits Backward	.31	.12	.292**
12 Month HOMA-IR	−.61	.27	−.253*
Switching of Attention-A (n = 75)				.02	5.45*
Age	.05	.04	.080
Education	−.58	.29	−.132*
BL HOMA-IR	−.05	.08	−.047
BL Switching A	.76	.07	.743***
12 Month HOMA-IR	.74	.32	.162*
Switching of Attention-B (n = 77)				.03	5.14*
Age	.08	.13	.054
BL HOMA-IR	−.48	.25	−.163
BL Switching B	.54	.07	.673***
12 Month HOMA-IR	2.31	1.02	.195*
Stroop (n = 81)				.001	.16
Age	−.09	.04	−.265*
BL HOMA-IR	−.05	.07	−.065
BL Stroop	.33	.09	.362**
12 Month HOMA-IR	−.11	.29	−.04
Memory (n = 80)				.005	.79
Age	−.05	.03	−.165
BL HOMA-IR	.06	.05	.111
BL Memory	.63	.09	.660***
12 Month HOMA-IR	.17	.19	.075
Letters (n = 76)				.002	.36
Age	−.04	.03	−.107
Education	.56	.20	.195**
BL HOMA-IR	−.01	.05	−.008
BL Letters	.75	.07	.760***
12 Month HOMA-IR	.13	.21	.043
Animals				.009	1.32
Age	−.05	.05	−.08
BL HOMA-IR	.09	.10	.08
BL Animals	.72	.09	.666***
12 Month HOMA-IR	.46	.40	.103

Note:

^*p< .05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001;

higher scores are better for all tests except SOA-A and SOA-B.

Abbreviations: BL = Baseline, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, Switching = Switching of Attention. These results represent the final model in which 12 month HOMA-IR is entered into the second block.