Table 6.

Hierarchical Linear Regressions Examining Changes in HbA1c Predicting Changes Cognitive Function from Baseline to 12 Months

	B	SE B	β	ΔR2	ΔF
Digit Span Forward (n = 82)				.02	1.77
Age	−.04	.03	−.132
BL HBA1C	−.39	.41	−.144
BL Digits Forward	.40	.13	.345**
12 Month HBA1C	.72	.54	.200
Digit Span Backward (n = 78)				<.001	.02
Age	−.06	.04	−.183
BL HBA1C	−.60	.49	−.167
BL Digits Backward	.27	.12	.252*
12 Month HBA1C	−.08	.64	−.017
Switching of Attention-A (n = 77)				<.001	.002
Age	.05	.05	.081
Education	−1.03	.36	−.234**
Sex	−3.98	1.30	−.265***
BL HBA1C	.31	.67	.055
BL Switching A	.42	.08	0.526***
12 Month HBA1C	−.04	.96	−.005
Switching of Attention-B (n = 77)				<.001	.05
Age	.16	.15	.11
Education	−1.50	1.06	.61***
BL HBA1C	−.21	1.84	−.015
BL Switching B	.49	.08	.613***
12 Month HBA1C	−.56	2.47	−.028
Stroop (n = 82)				.002	.25
Age	−.09	.04	−.242*
BL HBA1C	−.52	.51	−.148
BL Stroop	.33	.09	.357**
12 Month HBA1C	.33	.66	.071
Memory (n = 81)				.002	.34
Age	−.05	.03	−.170
BL HBA1C	−.10	.34	−.034
BL Memory	.60	.34	.628***
12 Month HBA1C	.26	.44	.068
Letters (n = 76)				<.001	.03
Age	−.04	.03	−.110
Education	.55	.20	.193**
BL HBA1C	.003	.37	.001
BL Letters	.75	.07	.760***
12 Month HBA1C	.09	.50	.018
Animals (n = 81)				.003	.39
Age	−.07	.05	−.133
BL HBA1C	.55	.70	.099
BL Animals	.72	.09	.669***
12 Month HBA1C	.57	.92	.077

Note:

^*p< .05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001;

higher scores are better for all tests except SOA-A and SOA-B.

Abbreviations: BL = Baseline, HBA1C = homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, Switching = Switching of Attention. These results represent the final model in which 12 month HBA1C is entered into the second block.