Table 2.
Changes in antidiabetic treatment, weight, DXA, CPX, and 6 min hall-walk test
| No optimization (n=19) |
Optimization (n=20) |
p Value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | ||
| Antidiabetic treatment | |||||
| Insulin (n) | 16 | 16 | 18 | 19 | |
| Insulin dose (IU/day) | 74 (49–128) | 68 (46–128) | 60 (47–86) | 80 (53–90)† | 0.001 |
| Metformin (n) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | |
| Metformin dose (mg/day) | 1750±684 | 1805±682 | 1650±532 | 1816±476 | 0.39 |
| Blood sample measurements | |||||
| HbA1c (%/mmol/mol)) | 8.3±0.7/67±10 | 8.4±1.0/68±11 | 8.4±0.8/68±9 | 7.6±0.7/60±7‡ | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mM) | 10.9±3.0 | 11.0±2.9 | 10.7±3.2 | 8.6±3.7§ | 0.02 |
| LDL (mM) | 1.8±0.7 | 1.9±0.7 | 2.0±1.1 | 2.2±1.2 | 0.99 |
| Triglyceride (mM) | 1.6 (1.1–2.7) | 1.3 (1.0–2.5) | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 1.9 (1.5–2.6) | 0.65 |
| DXA | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 102±24 | 100±23 | 97±15 | 97±13 | 0.19 |
| Fat tissue (kg) | 34.5±13.6 | 33.6±13.1 | 30.4±7.0 | 30.7±7.0 | 0.07 |
| Lean tissue (kg) | 63.9±11.6 | 63.3±11.1 | 62.2±9.2 | 63.1±7.9 | 0.07 |
| Muscle strength | |||||
| Hand grip test (kg) | 37.2±8.1 | 34.8±8.3§ | 34.9±10.2 | 35.4±10.7 | 0.01 |
| CPX | |||||
| Exercise capacity (W) | 86±24 | 89±27 | 81±27 | 76±27 | 0.12 |
| Peak O2 mL/min/kg | 13.2±3.8 | 12.5±3.7 | 12.0±3.6 | 11.0±3.4 | 0.55 |
| RER | 1.07±0.14 | 1.12±0.09 | 1.12±0.11 | 1.14±0.10 | 0.28 |
| 6-MWT (m) | 449±79 | 452±85 | 393±89 | 399±95 | 0.84 |
Results are presented as mean±SD or median (25–75% percentile). There was no differences (p>0.05) in baseline values between the groups.
*p Values refer to differences in changes from baseline to follow-up between the groups.
†Significant increase from baseline within group (p<0.001).
‡Significant decrease from baseline within group (p<0.001).
§Significant decrease from baseline within group (p<0.01). 6-MWT, 6 min hall-walk test; CPX, cardiopulmonary exercise test; DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IU, international units; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RER, respiratory exchange ratio.