Table 1.
Frequency of MS components, and the observed versus expected frequency of MS, within age and gender subgroups
| Gender |
Age (years) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | M | F | p Value (M vs F) | 25–44 | 45–64 | 65+ | p Value (age) | |
| Number of participants | 1429 | 628 | 801 | 484 | 566 | 379 | ||
| High waist (ATPIII) | 47.5% | 44.4% | 49.8% | 0.04 | 32.4% | 53.6% | 56.3% | <0.0001 |
| High waist (IDF) | 72.6% | 72.4% | 72.7% | 0.96 | 57.6% | 77.8% | 82.2% | <0.0001 |
| High TG | 28.8% | 35.2% | 23.7% | <0.0001 | 22.2% | 34.4% | 28.0% | <0.0001 |
| Low HDL | 24.0% | 22.3% | 25.3% | 0.22 | 28.6% | 23.1% | 18.8% | 0.003 |
| High glucose (ATPIII) | 14.4% | 17.0% | 12.4% | 0.01 | 4.1% | 16.2% | 24.6% | <0.0001 |
| High glucose (IDF) | 25.3% | 30.7% | 21.1% | <0.0001 | 10.6% | 28.0% | 39.5% | <0.0001 |
| Prior diagnosis of diabetes | 7.2% | 8.7% | 5.9% | 0.04 | 1.8% | 6.9% | 14.4% | <0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy | 13.0% | 13.4% | 12.7% | 0.72 | 1.4% | 12.9% | 28.0% | <0.0001 |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 24.1% | 22.8% | 25.1% | 0.32 | 4.1% | 23.6% | 50.8% | <0.0001 |
| High BP | 57.5% | 66.7% | 50.2% | <0.0001 | 27.8% | 60.7% | 89.3% | <0.0001 |
| Mean LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.19 | 3.20 | 3.18 | 0.50 | 3.07 | 3.33 | 3.13 | <0.0001 |
| MS (ATPIII) observed | 27.0% | 30.4% | 24.3% | 0.01 | 14.3% | 32.1% | 35.1% | <0.0001 |
| MS (ATPIII) expected | 21.2% | 25.3% | 18.0% | 0.0008 | 7.8% | 26.2% | 34.6% | <0.0001 |
| p Value (observed vs expected) | <0.0001 | <0.005 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.005 | NS | ||
| MS (IDF) observed | 36.0% | 42.4% | 31.1% | <0.0001 | 20.8% | 40.9% | 47.1% | <0.0001 |
| MS (IDF) expected | 30.1% | 36.5% | 25.1% | <0.0001 | 12.6% | 36.1% | 49.2% | <0.0001 |
| p Value (observed vs expected) | <0.0001 | <0.005 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.02 | NS | ||
ATPIII definition of MS requires three or more of these five criteria: waist circumference>102 cm (males), >88 cm (females); hypertension (systolic BP>130 mm Hg, diastolic BP>85 mm Hg, or treated hypertension); fasting plasma glucose 6.1 mmol/L or a prior diagnosis of diabetes; HDL<1.03 mmol/L (males), <1.29 mmol/L (females); TG>1.7 mmol/L.
IDF definition of MS requires a high waist circumference using specific gender and ethnicity-related criteria (28), as well as two or more of the following: fasting plasma glucose>5.6 mmol/L; high TG; low HDL using the same HDL and TG criteria as ATPIII.
BP, blood pressure; F, females; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, males; MS, metabolic syndrome; NS, not significant; TG, triglycerides.