Table 7.

Bovine in-vitro models of the blood–brain barrier. Receptor and transporter expression and function.

Model type	ABC transporter expression/function	Vectorial net transport of ABC substrates	TFR expression/ function	LAT-1 expression/ function	Glut-1 expression/ function	MCT-1 expression/ function	Selected key references
Primary bovine BCEC/rat astrocyte coculture	P-gp, BCRP and Mrp-1 (ICC, mRNA) Inhibitor data on transport	ER of 2.5 for digoxin ER of 4.5 for estrone-3-sulphate ER of 2.4 for etoposide	WB Trans-endothelial transport of holo-transferrin	mRNA	mRNA	–	53,91,107
Primary Bovine BCEC (clonal selection)/ rat astrocyte coculture	P-gp (WB) Inhibitor data on uptake	ER of 2 for vincristine	Trans-endothelial transport of radiolabelled holo-transferrin	High Pleucine relative to Psucrose	High PGlucose relative to Psucrose	–	89,90,171,177
Primary bovine BCEC (clonal selection) monoculture-	P-gp (ICC,WB), Mrp-1, -4 and -5 (WB) Inhibitor data on Rhod 123 uptake and quinidine transport	–	–	–	–	–	95,178

^–: not investigated; ICC: immunocytochemistry; WB: Western blotting.

Note: The permeability value of the smallest tested compound in the study is given.