Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD (range) | 63 ± 8.77 (50–88) |
| Female | 164 (82) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 31.0 ± 6.42 |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian | 193 (96) |
| African/Caribbean | 5 (3) |
| Asian | 3 (1) |
| Smoking status | |
| Current smoker | 16 (8) |
| Previous smoker | 81 (40) |
| Pack years, mean (range) | 20 (1–75) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Units per week, mean (range) | 4 (0–38) |
| Employment history | |
| Employed | 49 (24) |
| Self-employed | 14 (7) |
| Retired | 110 (55) |
| Unemployed | 28 (14) |
| Job activity (current or previous) | |
| Heavy manual | 94/192 (49) |
| Repetitive use of hands | 21/192 (11) |
| Prolonged key boarding or typing | 46/192 (24) |
| Prolonged standing | 26/192 (14) |
| Median number of painful joints (IQR) | |
| Overall in all participants | 6 (4–9) |
| Current/previous smokers | 7 (5–9) |
| Never smoked | 6 (4–8) |
| Heavy manual job | 7 (4–9) |
| Repetitive use of hands | 7 (6–10) |
| Prolonged keyboarding/typing | 6 (5–8) |
| Prolonged standing | 6 (5–8) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Cardiovascular disease (including hypertension, ischaemic heart disease) | 94 (47) |
| Pulmonary condition (including asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis) | 44 (22) |
| Gastro-intestinal disease (including gastro-oesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer) | 108 (54) |
| Diabetes | 20 (10) |
| Depression | 63 (31) |
| Medical history | |
| Joint replacement or fusion | 57 (28) |
| Joint related soft tissue repair | 53 (26) |
| Non-orthopaedic surgery | 160 (80) |
| Family history of OA | 135 (67) |
BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range