Figures 1–9.

Figure 1: Normal macula of an elderly patient. The asterisk represents the location of the fovea, which lies directly in the visual axis. The macula (boxed area), which is adapted for high acuity vision, is located temporal to the optic nerve (arrow). It is approximately 6 mm in diameter and centered on the fovea. The vascular arcades are indicated by arrowheads. Figure 2: Ocular coherence tomogram (OCT) of a normal macula. The central area of depression (arrow) represents the fovea, corresponding to the asterisk depicted in Figure 1. Ret=retina. Figure 3: Color fundus photograph derived from an individual with early, dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) pigment disruption is present in the macula (arrow) and numerous small (<63 microns in diameter) hard drusen are present inferior to this region (oval). Figure 4: Color fundus photograph from an individual with dry AMD. Numerous small and intermediate-sized drusen are visible in the macular region (oval). Figures 5 and 6: Corresponding fluorescein angiogram (Figure 5) and color fundus photograph (Figure 6) images from an individual with dry AMD. Although larger and confluent drusen are visible in the color image (circle), the number and extent of drusen distribution is appreciated even more clearly in the angiogram. The hyperfluorescent drusen observed in the angiogram are of uniform size and often referred to as cuticular drusen. Figure 7: Color fundus photograph from an individual with dry AMD, depicting the presence of numerous large (>125 micron diameter), calcified drusen deposited primarily within the peri- and parafoveal regions. Smaller drusen are present in the foveal region (asterisk). Figures 8 and 9: Color fundus photograph from two patients with macular geographic atrophy (GA). The margins of the regions of RPE atrophy are clearly delineated. Choroidal blood vessels are more easily visualized in these regions of atrophy because of the loss and/or absence of the RPE pigment. A choroidal nevus (asterisk) is indicated in Figure 8. These eyes would be expected to have poor central vision due to the extensive atrophy.