Table 4.

Association between adverse childhood experiences and menstrual cycle patterns: results of log Poisson regression

Scale	Irregular periods				Amenorrhea history
	RR	95% CI	aRRb	95% CI	RR	95% CI	aRRb	95% CI
ACE (all)	1.03	1.01 – 1.05	1.02	1.00 – 1.04	1.07	1.04 – 1.10	1.07	1.04 – 1.11
ACE, no CTQ	1.05	1.02 – 1.08	1.03	1.00 – 1.06	1.10	1.06 – 1.15	1.11	1.06 – 1.17
CTQ	1.06	1.00 – 1.12	1.05	0.99 – 1.11	1.15	1.06 – 1.24	1.13	1.03 – 1.24
Household dysfunction	1.09a	1.04 – 1.13	1.06	1.01 – 1.11	1.14	1.07 – 1.22	1.16	1.07 – 1.25
Abuse (any)	1.05	0.99 – 1.12	1.04	0.97 – 1.10	1.21a	1.11 – 1.32	1.21	1.10 – 1.34
Sexual	1.15	0.96 – 1.39	1.16	0.97 – 1.38	1.33	1.02 – 1.75	1.27	0.91 – 1.77
Physical	1.09	1.01 – 1.18	1.05	0.97 – 1.15	1.23a	1.12 – 1.41	1.26	1.10 – 1.44
Emotional	1.04	0.99 – 1.10	1.05	1.00 – 1.10	1.12	1.04 – 1.20	1.13	1.04 – 1.22
Parental substance use	1.17a	1.05 – 1.30	1.06	0.94 – 1.20	1.39a	1.19 – 1.62	1.36	1.13 – 1.63
Neglect	1.14	1.01 – 1.29	1.06	0.91 – 1.23	1.39a	1.17 – 1.64	1.27	1.02 – 1.58
BTQ	1.13	0.98 – 1.30	1.11	0.94 – 1.29	1.32	1.08 – 1.62	1.41	1.15 – 1.74
ACE domains
High (4+)	1.31	1.00 – 1.72	1.14	0.86 – 1.53	2.54	1.52 – 4.25	2.60	1.47 – 4.60
Low (1 – 3)	1.05	0.80 – 1.37	1.03	0.78 – 1.35	1.65	0.98 – 2.76	1.90	1.08 – 3.33
None (0)	Ref.	--	Ref.	--	Ref.	--	Ref.	--

^aSubscale estimate significantly different from full ACE scale at p < 0.05

^bRelative risk (RR) adjusted for: age, BMI, race, education, smoking, and income

ACE: Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale; CTQ: Child Trauma Questionnaire; BTQ: Brief Trauma Questionnaire