Table 3.

Comparison of autophagy and lysosomal markers in male and female placentas from normal weight women and women with increased adiposity (OW and OB).

	Males		Females
	NW	Increased adiposity	NW	Increased adiposity
Markers for activation of autophagy:
Ratio p-AMPK:t-AMPK	–	↑ vs. NW	–	–
MTOR signaling	–	–	–	–
C20 ceramide	–	↑ vs. NW	↑ vs. male	–
C16/C18 dihydroceramides	–	↑ vs. NW	↑ vs. male	–
Autophagy markers:
ATG3	–	–	–	↑ vs. NW
ATG7	–	↑ vs. NW	–	–
BECN1	–	↑ vs. NW	↑ vs. male	–
Ratio MAP1LC3B-II:MAP1LC3B-I	–	↑ vs. NW	↑ vs. male	–
SQSTM1/p62	–	↑ vs. NW	–	–
Markers for autophagosome-lysosome fusion:
STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8	–	↑ vs. NW	↑ vs. male	–
Markers for autolysosomes:
TFEB	–	↓ vs. NW	–	–
CTSB	–	–	–	–
LAMP2	–	–	–	↑ vs. NW