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. 2016 Apr 1;8(4):e551. doi: 10.7759/cureus.551

Table 1. Reported Cases of ‘Burned Out’ TGCT.

n = number of cases

aFP = alpha-fetoprotein

BhCG = beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

LDH = lactate dehydrogenase

N = normal level

+ = elevated level

BEP = bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin

RPLND = retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

NR = not reported

NOS = not otherwise specified

First Author/Citation Year of Study Presenting/Metastatic Site Age of Patient Tumor Markers Histology Treatment Outcome
Balalaa N [17] 2011 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 31 aFP N NR BEP Treatment response
BhCG N
LDH +
Balzer BL [18] 2006 Retroperitoneal (n=20) 17-67 (mean 32)           BhCG + (n=2) Seminoma (n=26) NR NR
Widely disseminated tumor (n=2)
Lung and Liver (n=1)
Mediastinum (n=1)
Other (thyroid, neck thoracic cavity) (n=1)
Testicular mass (n=7)
Castillo C [19] 2003 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 25 aFP + Mature teratoma BEP Initial clinical response
BhCG +
Comiter CV [20] 1995 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 22-36   NR NR NR NR  
Supraclavicular (n=1)
Curigliano G [21] 2006 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 42 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy, BEP, and RPLND NR
BhCG +
LDH N
Fabre E [5] 2004 Testicular (n=1)    32   aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy and Radiotherapy (30Gy)   Free of disease 16 years after the diagnosis      
BhCG N
LDH N
Retroperitoneal (n=1)   35 aFP + Mature teratoma Orchiectomy, BEP plus vincristine, and RPLND Free of disease 6 years after the diagnosis
BhCG +
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 50 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy, RPLND, and EP Total remission 3 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH +
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 17 aFP N Mature teratoma BEP, retroperitoneal mass resection, and orchiectomy Free of disease 4 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH N
Supraclavicular (n=1) 39 aFP N Seminoma BEP followed by salvage chemo (vinblastine, etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin) Total remission 3 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH N
George SA [22] 2015 GIST (n=1) 24 aFP N Mixed GCT Orchiectomy NR
BhCG N
LDH N
Gurioli A [23] 2013 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 35 aFP N Seminoma BEP and orchiectomy Free of disease 2 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH +
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 50 aF N Seminoma Orchiectomy, vincristine, ifosfamide, bleomycin, and surgical debulking of mass Free of disease 4 years after the diagnosis
BhCG +
Hu B [24] 2015 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 37 aFP N Seminoma NR NR
BhCG N
LDH N
Jaber S [25] 2010 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 32 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy and surgical removal of the retroperitoneal mass NR
BhCG N
Kebapci M [26] 2001 Supraclavicular (n=1) 22 aFP N GCT having choriocarcinoma and probable embryonal cell carcinoma components Orchiectomy and BEP NR
BhCG +
Leleu O [27] 2000 Pulmonary (n=1) 30 aFP + Malignant germ cell tumor Orchiectomy and BEP Stable 3 years after the diagnosis
BhCG +
Lopez  JI [28] 1994 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 20 aFP N Choriocarcinoma Orchiectomy, biopsy of retroperitoneal masses, BEP plus vincristine Deceased 7 months after initial complaints
BhCG +
LDH +
Mesa H [29] 2009 Gastric ulcers (n=1) 55 aFP N Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma- further studies revealed seminoma Orchiectomy, vincristine, ifosfamide and cisplatin Free of disease 1 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
Onishi K [30] 2014 Para-neoplastic neurological syndrome (n=1) 41 NR Seminoma Orchiectomy and chemotherapy Free of disease 15 months after the diagnosis
Patel MD [8] 2007 Testicular (n=1) 23 aFP N Mixed GCT Orchiectomy NR
BhCG N
LDH N
Perimenis P [31] 2005 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 40 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy, resection of retroperitoneal mass, and radiotherapy to para-aortic nodes Free of disease 2 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH N
Peroux E [32] 2012 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 18 aFP + Non-seminoma NOS Orchiectomy and chemotherapy Full remission
BhCG N
Preda O [33] 2011 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 43 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy and chemotherapy Free of disease 5 months after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH +
Qureshi JM [34] 2014 Retroperitoneal and Pulmonary masses (n=1) 20 aFP N Teratoma GCT BEP followed by orchiectomy, RPLND, and hepatic mass resection Free of disease 2 years after the diagnosis
BhCG +
LDH +
Rzeszutko M [35] 2015 Spermatic cord (n=1) 56 aFP N Non-seminoma NOS Resection of spermatic cord mass Free of disease 6 months post operatively
BhCG N
Sahoo PK [36] 2013 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 33 aFP N Seminoma vs poorly differentiated carcinoma (seminoma confirmed on IHC) Orchiectomy and BEP Patient under observation at time of publication
BhCG N
LDH N
Suzuki K [37] 1998 Mediastinum (n=1) 27 aFP N Teratoma GCT and sarcomatous elements BEP NR
BhCG N
Tasu J [7]         2003         Retroperitoneal (n=1) 23 NR         Non-seminoma NOS  (n=3) seminoma (n=2) Non-seminoma NOS: BEP (n=3) Metastatic seminoma: radiotherapy and RPLND (n=1) Seminoma: orchiectomy (n=1) Complete remission (n=3) Free of disease after 5 year follow up (n=1) Free of disease after 7 year follow up (n=1)
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 35
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 50
Retroperitoneal (n=1) 17
Supraclavicular (n=1) 33
Yamamoto H [38] 2007 Gastric tumor (n=1) 39 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy and EP Free of disease 2 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH +
Yucel M [39] 2009 Retroperitoneal (n=1) 28 aFP N ‘Burned out’ testicular tumor NOS Orchiectomy and BEP Free of disease 5 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N
LDH +
Yucel M [40] 2009 Prostate (n=1) 49 aFP N Seminoma Orchiectomy, BEP plus vincristine, and radiotherapy to mediastinum retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes Free of disease 7 years after the diagnosis
BhCG N