Figure 6.

A and B, Effects of recombinant Pr4 or Endochitinase A on the growth rate of FAW caterpillars. Naïve first instar FAW caterpillars were fed artificial diet infused with recombinant Pr4 (A), Endochitinase A (B), or buffer, and relative growth rate (RGR) of the caterpillars was measured at 2, 4, and 6 d. Asterisks indicate differences in RGR among the treatments at each time point according to ANOVA (P < 0.05). Thirty caterpillars were used as biological replicates for each treatment, and error bars indicate se. C, Effects of frass from FAW larvae fed on diet infused with recombinant Pr4 or Endochitinase A. Maize leaves were treated with FAW frass collected from larvae fed on diet infused with buffer, recombinant Pr4, or Endochitinase A for 24 h. Maize pathogen defense-related pr5 transcript abundance was measured by qRT-PCR, normalized to that of the reference gene actin, and expressed as relative quantification (RQ). Four biological replicates were used for each treatment, data were analyzed by one-factor ANOVA, and mean separation was calculated by a multiple comparison Tukey’s test. RQ values with different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate se.