Figure 2.

Transposable elements (TEs) are activated in heat-stressed young seeds. A, A significant portion of the heat stress-induced genes are TEs. B, Heat map of the expression profiles of heat-induced TEs at different time points and growth conditions. Numbers indicate hours after fertilization; CK, MS, and SS indicate nonstressed, moderate-stressed, and severe-stressed conditions, respectively. C, Gene expression validation of the four randomly selected heat-activated TEs identified from RNA-seq analysis. D, Classification of the heat-activated TEs. E and F, DNA methylation status of two selected TEs in the nonstressed leaves and seeds and severe-stressed seeds. Black bars indicate the regions investigated for methylation.