Figure 4. Intermittent, longer-term PI3K inhibition increases tumor cell apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in combination with anti-estrogen therapy.
Mice were pretreated with fulv 3 d before treatment with one or two doses of GDC-0941 as indicated. Tumors were harvested at 0–48 h after GDC-0941 treatment, and analyzed by (A) TUNEL to assess apoptosis, or (B) IHC for geminin and Ki67 to assess cell proliferation. Geminin:Ki67 ratios were calculated. Data are shown as mean of triplicate tumors + SD. *p≤0.05 compared to baseline controls. #p≤0.05 by Bonferonni post-hoc test as indicated with brackets.