VEGF facilitates BMMNC migration to the brain without altering IL-1, IL-10, or TNF-α in peripheral blood. a Quantification of GFP-positive cells in the brain on day 1 after BMMNC transplantation showed that VEGF significantly increased BMMNC migration to brain. Preconditioning with SU5416 significantly decreased the migration of BMMNCs. †p<0.05 vs. 2VO+BMMNC; n=8/group. b All rats that received BMMNC transplantation had similar numbers of GFP-positive BMMNCs in the lungs. p>0.05 vs. 2VO+BMMNC, n=8/group. c In the 2VO groups, BMMNC administration significantly increased IL-10 level in peripheral blood compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. IL-10 level in peripheral blood did not differ significantly among the 2VO groups that received BMMNCs. *p < 0.05 vs. 2VO + vehicle, n =8/group. d, e In the 2VO groups, BMMNC administration significantly decreased IL-1β (d) and TNF-α (e) levels in peripheral blood compared with levels in the vehicle-treated group. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in peripheral blood did not differ among the 2VO groups that received BMMNCs. *p<0.05 vs. 2VO+vehicle, n=8/group. Values are mean±SD