Table 3.
Summary of the articles included
| Quality appraisal [from Smith et al., 2009 (24)] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author (year) | Title and journal (impact factor) | Country | Study design (study period) | Population group/sample size | Qualitative | Quantitative | Overall quality rating* |
| Ahmed et al. 2009 (25) | Knowledge on the transmission, prevention and treatment of malaria among two endemic populations of Bangladesh and their health- seeking behavior. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | Bangladesh | Survey, semi-structured questionnaire/face-to-face interview (July–November 2007) |
General population (9,750) | NA | 1,2,7,10 | weak |
| Ahmed et al. 2014 (26) | Conventional or interpersonal communication: which works best in disseminating malaria information in an endemic rural Bangladeshi community? PloS One [IF 3.23] | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional survey, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire (July–November 2007 & January–February 2012) |
General population (750 households) | NA | 1,2,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Ahmed et al. 2011 (27) | Free distribution of insecticidal bed nets improves possession and preferential use by households and is equitable: findings from two cross-sectional surveys in 13 malaria endemic districts of Bangladesh. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional surveys, structured interviews (2008 and 2011) |
General population (3,760 in 2008 and 7,895 in 2011) | NA | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Anand et al. 2014 (28) | Knowledge and use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne diseases in a resettlement colony of Delhi. Ann Med Health Sci Res [IF: 0.00] | India | Cross-sectional study, pre-tested, pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire (June 2011–July 2011) |
General population (100) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,10 | Moderate |
| Bashar et al. 2012 (29) | Socio-demographic factors influencing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding malaria in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health [IF: 2.264] | Bangladesh | Survey, structured questionnaires and the interviews, (July–October 2011) | General population (468) | NA | 1,2,4,7,10 | Weak |
| Chourasia et al. 2014 (30) | Household training vs. mass campaigns: a better method of health communication for preventing malaria. Trop Doct [IF: 0.48) | India | Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire (September–December 2012) | General population (218) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,10 | Moderate |
| Dambhare et al. 2012 (31) | Knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria transmission and its prevention among the school going adolescents in Wardha District, Central India. Glob J Health Sci [IF: 0.00] | India | Cross sectional study, pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire (October–December 2010) |
School going adolescents (1,096) | NA | 1,2,4,5,6,7,10 | Moderate |
| Das and Ravindran 2010 (32) | Factors affecting treatment-seeking for febrile illness in a malaria endemic block in Boudh district, Orissa, India: policy implications for malaria control. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | India | Cross-sectional community-based survey, using structured interviews (2006) |
General population (323) [300-service users and 23 – service providers] | 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10 | 1,2,7,8,9,10 | Moderate |
| Das and Ravindran 2011 (33) | Community knowledge on malaria among febrile patients in an endemic district of Orissa, India. J Vector Borne Dis [IF: 0.806] | India | Cross-sectional community-based survey, structured interviews (June–August 2006) |
General population (300) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,9,10 | Moderate |
| Dhawan et al. 2014 (34) | Malaria-related knowledge and prevention practices in four neighborhoods in and around Mumbai: a cross sectional study. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | India | Quantitative – cross-sectional, structured interviewers-administered questionnaire (December 2010–January 2011) |
General population (119) | NA | 1,4,7,10 | Weak |
| Fernando et al. 2008 (35) | Community factors affecting long-lasting impregnated mosquito net use for malaria control in Sri Lanka. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg [IF: 1.931] | Sri Lanka | Community-based cross-sectional survey among (June–July 2007) |
General population (2,467) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,10 | Moderate |
| Howard et al. 2010 (36) | Malaria control under the Taliban regime: insecticide-treated net purchasing, coverage, and usage among men and women in eastern Afghanistan. Mala J[IF: 3.11] | Afghanistan | Mixed methods – focus group discussions, in-depth and quantitative household survey (February–September 2000) |
General population (566) [Fifteen focus group discussions (82+40) and 30 in-depth interviews, 414 households] | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | 1,2,4,5,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Hussain et al. 2013 (37) | Public health system readiness to treat malaria in Odisha State of India. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | India | Cross-sectional study, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and health facility assessments (February–July 2012) | Auxiliary nurse midwives and accredited social health activists (455) | NA | 1,2,7,10 | Weak |
| Joshi and Banjara 2008 (38) | Malaria related knowledge, practices and behaviour of people in Nepal. J Vector Borne Dis [IF: 0.806] | Nepal | Cross-sectional study using structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (December 2004–April 2005) | General population (1,330) | NA | 1,2,4,7,10 | Weak |
| Kirkby et al. 2013 (39) | Knowledge, attitudes and practices relevant to malaria elimination amongst resettled populations in a post-conflict district of northern Sri Lanka. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg [IF: 1.931] | Sri Lanka | Descriptive cross-sectional, structured questionnaire. Questionnaire (2011) | General population (300) | NA | 1,2,4,5,6,7,10 | Moderate |
| Kumar et al. 2014 (40) | Spatial trend, environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with malaria prevalence in Chennai. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | India | Questionnaire, field survey (2005–2011) | Not provided | NA | 1,2,7,10 | Weak |
| Lwin et al. 2014 (41) | ‘It's effective but should I bother?’ A study of personal protection measures against Malaria in urban India. Public Health [IF: 1.434] | India | Quantitative – survey, interview questionnaire (March–June, 2012) |
General population (1,000) | NA | 1,2,7,10 | Weak |
| Nandwani et al. 2014 (42) | Clinical profile of severe malaria: study from a tertiary care center in north India. J Parasit Dis [IF: 0.00] | India | Retrospective observational study (August 2010 to October 2010) |
Patients (160) | NA | 1,2,7,10 | Weak |
| Pandit et al. 2010 (43) | Awareness and practice about preventive method against mosquito bite in Gujarat. Healthline [IF: 0.00]. | India | Quantitative – cross-sectional, questionnaire (June 2009) | General population (311) | NA | 1,7,10 | weak |
| Qayum et al. 2012 (44) | SPHERE-based assessment of knowledge and preventive measures related to malaria among the displaced population of Jalozai, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc [IF 0.414] | Pakistan | Descriptive cross-sectional, structured questionnaire (March–November 2010) |
General population (116) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,10 | Moderate |
| Sabin et al. 2010 (45) | Attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding malaria prevention and treatment among pregnant women in Eastern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg [IF: 2.699] | India | Qualitative using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (April–May 2007) |
Pregnant women (73) [32 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions] | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | NA | Strong |
| Saha et al. 2015 (46) | Establishing communication mechanism for malaria prevention in Baiga tribal villages in Baiga chak area of Dindori district, Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Med Res [IF: 1.4] | India | Quasi experimental design using questions (November 2011–February 2012) |
General population (2,350) | NA | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Sarkar et al. 2009 (47) | Risk factors for malaria deaths in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India: evidence for further action. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | India | Quantitative – using pre-tested structured questionnaire (2007–2008) | Total population (168) | NA | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Sharma et al. 2015 (48) | Socio-economic & household risk factors of malaria in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh, central India. Indian J Med Res [IF: 1.4] | India | Baseline survey using interviews (May 2005–June 2008) | General population (7,117) | NA | 1,2,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Sood et al. 2010 (49) | Community awareness, perceptions, acceptability and preferences for using LLIN against malaria in villages of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Vector Borne Dis [IF: 0.806] | India | Community-based survey, structured questionnaire (April–May 2009) |
General population (596) | NA | 1,2,7,10 | weak |
| Sundararajan et al. 2013 (50) | Barriers to malaria control among marginalized tribal communities: a qualitative study. PloS One [IF: 3.234] | India | Qualitative data using multiple key informants and groups. (July 2012) |
General population (84) [76-focus groups, and 8- individual interviews] | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | NA | Strong |
| Tobgay and Lhazeen 2010 (51) | Malaria perceptions and practices in Bhutan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. [IF: 0.719]. | Bhutan | Qualitative using focus group discussions and interviews (July–August 2007) |
Eight focus group discussions (n=80) [three with medical profession, three with community members, and two with village health workers] |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8(partly),9,10 | NA | Strong |
| Tobgay et al. 2013 (52) | Community-directed educational intervention for malaria elimination in Bhutan: quasi-experimental study in malaria endemic areas of Sarpang district. Malar J [IF: 3.11] | Bhutan | Quasi-experimental study, both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods (Study period – not provided) | General population (25+560) [13 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions] & 560 households interviewed | NA | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 | Strong |
| Vijayakumar et al. 2009 (53) | Knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria: a study in a tribal belt of Orissa state, India with reference to use of long lasting treated mosquito nets. Acta Trop [IF: 2.519] | India | Mixed methods: quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (key informant interview and focus group discussions) (2002) | General population (656) | 1,3,7 | 1,2,4,7,10 | Moderate |
| Yadav et al. 2013 (54) | Knowledge, treatment-seeking behaviour and socio-economic impact of malaria in the desert of Rajasthan, India. South African India. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect [IF: 0.00] | India | Quantitative – cross-sectional, community-based study, questionnaire (Study period: not provided) |
General population (540) | NA | 4,7,10 | weak |
| Yasuoka et al. 2006 (55) | Impact of education on knowledge, agricultural practices, and community actions for mosquito control and mosquito-borne disease prevention in rice ecosystems in Sri Lanka. Am J Trop Med Hyg [IF: 2.7] | Sri Lanka | Cross-sectional, – two surveys before and after the intervention (2003) | General population (75 households) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,8,9,10 | Moderate |
| Zaidi et al. 2015 (56) | The quantitative evidence of malarial transmission and its associates in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad (IF: 0.00) | Pakistan | Cross-sectional, semi-structured questionnaires (January–June, 2008) | General population (1,623) | NA | 1,2,4,5,7,10 | Moderate |
*
(i) Some studies did not report sufficient details about the quality, so missing quality appraisal criteria/question(s) mean not particular appraisal question(s) applicable or not reported. (ii) Overall quality rating scale: strong (9–10 criteria/questions of yes); moderate (6–8 criteria/question of yes); weak (1–5 criteria/question of yes).