Table 2.

Household environment conditions in children aged less than 12 months: adjusted risk of death and morbidity outcomes in selected South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries.

Countries	Household environment conditions	Risk of death	Odds ratio of diarrhea	Odds ratio of fever	Odds ratio of cough
Cote d’Ivoire	Improved sources of water	1.078	1.048	0.876	0.919
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.02	0.952	0.893	0.888
Congo Republic	Improved sources of water	0.891	0.986	0.881	1.042
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.86	0.877	0.774***	0.856*
Ethiopia	Improved sources of water	0.89	0.899	0.91	0.904
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.822	0.869	0.97	0.869
Gambia	Improved sources of water	0.74	0.731*	0.884	0.952
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.011	1.513**	1.166	1.409*
Mali	Improved sources of water	1.241	1.374	1.027	0.765
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.737	0.978	1.047	0.982
Mozambique	Improved sources of water	1.193	1.101	1.125	1.384*
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.175	1.045	0.918	0.881
Namibia	Improved sources of water	1.469	0.969	1.021	0.835
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.724	0.739	1.163	0.864
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.683	0.978	0.884	0.879
Nigeria	Improved sources of water	0.945	0.836**	0.934	0.771***
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.947	1.290**	1.275*	0.943
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.816	0.648**	0.551***	0.921
Niger	Improved sources of water	0.794*	0.826	0.826	0.791*
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.733	0.829	0.907	0.872
Sierra Leone	Improved sources of water	1.106	0.732**	0.847	0.868
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.901	0.891	0.911	0.858
Uganda	Improved sources of water	1.158	1.022	1.476**	0.824
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.775	0.956	0.655**	0.977
Zambia	Improved sources of water	1.18	1.093	0.896	1.028
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.178	0.951	1.092	1.107
Bangladesh	Improved sources of water	0.982	0.87	0.631	0.555*
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.200	1.114	1.024	1.052
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.727	1.376	0.850	0.827
Nepal	Improved sources of water	1.418	1.129	1.282	1.187
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.133	0.994	1.162	1.185
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.962	0.899	1.321	2.182**
Pakistan	Improved sources of water	0.965	1.23	1.163	1.119
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.813	0.754**	0.998	1.085
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	1.460	0.128	1.22	1.273

Adjusted for sex of the child, birth order, multiple births, size at birth, mother’s education status, mother’s age at birth, place of residents, and wealth index.

*p < 0.10.

**p < 0.05.

***p < 0.01.