Table 3.

Household environment conditions in children aged 12–59 months: adjusted risk of death and morbidity outcomes in selected South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries.

Countries	Household environment conditions	Risk of death	Odds ratio of diarrhea	Odds ratio of fever	Odds ratio of cough
Cote d’Ivoire	Improved sources of water	0.937	1.03	0.802***	0.887
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.888	0.855*	1.0674	0.846*
Congo Republic	Improved sources of water	0.712***	0.929	0.898**	0.942
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.779**	0.791***	0.818***	0.894***
Ethiopia	Improved sources of water	0.843	0.985	1.035	0.968
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.153	0.905	0.979	0.874
Gambia	Improved sources of water	0.467**	1.066	1.088	0.978
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.277	1.132	1.021	1.343**
Mali	Improved sources of water	1.089	1.272**	1.333**	1.117
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.942	0.871	0.762**	0.887
Mozambique	Improved sources of water	1.106	1.029	0.929	1.19
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.104	1.029	0.914	1.184
Namibia	Improved sources of water	2.422	0.996	1.299	1.219*
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.447	1.111	0.899	0.918
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.898	0.549***	0.742***	0.865*
Nigeria	Improved sources of water	1.081	0.938	0.933	0.874***
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.091	1.148**	1.109**	0.998
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.787	0.759**	0.767*	1.03
Niger	Improved sources of water	0.959	1.036	0.865*	0.922
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.631**	0.887	1.151	1.028
Sierra Leone	Improved sources of water	0.951	0.827**	1.034	1.059
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.11	1.104	0.998	0.942
Uganda	Improved sources of water	0.838	1.084	1.313***	1.135*
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.155	0.919	0.889**	1.001
Zambia	Improved sources of water	0.953	1.042	1.016	1.072
	Improved sources of sanitation	1.323	0.994	0.97	0.926
Bangladesh	Improved sources of water	–	0.915	0.824	0.657**
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.637	0.953	1.063	1.044
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	1.679	1.305	0.778**	0.924
Nepal	Improved sources of water	1.068	1.079	1.107	1.087
	Improved sources of sanitation	2.606*	0.859	1.103	0.977
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	1.452	0.936	0.731	1.141
Pakistan	Improved sources of water	1.714	0.961	0.955	0.943
	Improved sources of sanitation	0.851	0.923	1.023	1.104
	Use of non-solid cooking fuel	0.742	1.003	1.025	1.067

Adjusted for sex of the child, birth order, multiple births, size at birth, mother’s education status, mother’s age at birth, place of residents, and wealth index.

*p < 0.10.

**p < 0.05.

***p < 0.01.