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. 2016 Mar 18;15(3):428–435. doi: 10.1111/acel.12445

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Apoptotic pathways. Bcl‐2 family members act upstream of mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis. Pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only proteins (e.g., Noxa) transiently bind Bax/Bak, facilitating activation, while anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family members (e.g., Bcl‐xl, Bcl‐2, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐w) block Bax/Bak directly. AP20187, which activates the caspase‐8 moiety of the myristoylated membrane‐bound ATTAC fusion protein product of the INK‐ATTAC transgene, is also shown. Both the caspase‐8‐ and Bak/Bax/cytochrome c‐related pathways activate the executioner caspases 3 and 7.