Table 1. Categories of pharmacotherapy for management of SIHD.

GDMT agents	Risk factor modification	MI risk reduction	Symptom relief	Mortality reduction	Cautions for older adults
Aspirin	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Increased risk of bleeding
BBs	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	High prevalence of adrenergic dysfunction, bradycardia and hypotension
CCBs	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	High incidence of bradycardia and hypotension
ACEi/ARB	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Vulnerable kidney function, high prevalence of renal artery stenosis
Statin	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	High rate of intolerance and adverse effects
Nitroglycerin	No	No	Yes	No	Less hemodynamic reserve, hypotension
Ranolazine	No	No	Yes	No	Increased rate of non-specific adverse effects
Nicorandil	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Comparable to isosorbide mononitrate, no special adverse effect reported

ACEi: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; BBs: beta-adrenergic blocking agents; CCBs: calcium channel blocking agents; MI: myocardial infarction; SIHD: stable ischemic heart disease.