Table 2. Major demographics and CPX results according to age-groups – women (n = 588).
Age groups | Younger (n = 101) | Middle-aged (n = 338) | Older (n = 149) | P |
Characteristics | ||||
Age (yrs) | 28 ± 5 | 48 ± 7 | 70 ± 7 | < 0.01 |
Weight (kg) | 63.5 ± 12.8 | 66.7 ± 12.2 | 69.6 ± 12.8 | < 0.05* |
Height (cm) | 164.0 ± 5.6 | 163.7 ± 6.2 | 158.9 ± 5.9 | < 0.01* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 24.9 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 5.0 | < 0.05 |
Predicted VO2max [mL·(kg·min)−1] | 38.2 ± 3.2 | 30.4 ± 2.8 | 22.1 ± 2.8 | < 0.01 |
Predicted HRmax (bpm) | 188 ± 4 | 174 ± 5 | 159 ± 5 | < 0.01 |
β -blocker usage (%) | 4.0 | 42.6 | 33.6 | |
CPX Results | ||||
Duration (min) | 9 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | < 0.01* |
HRmax (bpm) | 184 ± 10 | 166 ± 17 | 137 ± 24 | < 0.01 |
HRmax measured/predicted (%) | 97.6 ± 4.9 | 95.0 ± 9.3 | 86.1 ± 13.7 | < 0.01* |
Maximum workload (Watts) | 136 ± 34 | 123 ± 42 | 67 ± 22 | < 0.01 |
Maximum RER | 1.15 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.12 | 1.15 ± 0.11 | > 0.05 |
Measured VO2max [mL·(kg·min)−1) | 29.9 ± 7.3 | 26.2 ± 8.4 | 15.8 ± 4.5 | < 0.01 |
Measured/predicted VO2max (%) | 78.7 ± 20.6 | 86.4 ± 26.5 | 71.5 ± 17.8 | < 0.05¢ |
Estimated VO2max [mL·(kg·min)−1] | 28.6 ± 5.9 | 25.6 ± 6.8 | 16.6 ± 3.2 | < 0.01 |
Error of estimate (EE) [mL·(kg·min)−1] | 1.2 ± 3.1 | 0.7 ± 2.8 | −0.8 ± 2.3 | < 0.01* |
Percent error (%E) | 2.7 ± 10.0 | 0.5 ± 11.1 | −9.5 ± 22.4 | < 0.01* |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *non significant when comparing Younger and Middle-aged groups; ¢non significant when comparing Younger and Older groups. BMI: Body Mass Index; CPX: cardiopulmonary exercise testing; HR: heart rate; RER: respiratory exchange ratio.