Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study subjects.
| Cancer patients (n = 179) |
Subjects without cancer (n = 14172) |
Significance** (p value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 53.59 ± 1.05* | 48.61 ± 0.20 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex | 0.0016 | ||
| Male | 66 (33.7)† | 6064 (49.3) | |
| Female | 113 (66.3) | 8108 (50.7) | |
| Body weight, kg | 61.87 ± 0.96 | 63.54 ± 0.12 | 0.0850 |
| Height, cm | 160.23 ± 0.84 | 163.16 ± 0.10 | 0.0006 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.06 ± 0.33 | 23.77 ± 0.03 | 0.4034 |
| Presence of obesity | 0.4868 | ||
| Lean | 6 (4.52) | 517(3.44) | |
| Normal | 108 (58.27) | 9133 (63.70) | |
| Obese | 65 (37.21) | 4522 (32.86) | |
| Lean body mass, % | 65.37 ± 0.75 | 68.05 ± 0.11 | 0.0004 |
| Appendicular lean body mass, % | 26.68 ± 0.42 | 28.54 ± 0.06 | < 0.0001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.91 ± 0.13 | 5.94 ± 0.04 | 0.4577 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.43 ± 1.23 | 95.72 ± 0.19 | 0.1701 |
| Total-C, mg/dL | 184.86 ± 3.67 | 191.01 ± 0.39 | 0.0951 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.16 ± 1.38 | 52.00 ± 0.15 | 0.8101 |
| TG, mg/dL | 138.76 ± 9.30 | 140.65 ± 1.30 | 0.8398 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 14.34 ± 0.49 | 14.23 ± 0.05 | 0.8186 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1680.46 ± 62.83 | 1988.85 ± 10.54 | < 0.0001 |
| Protein intake, g/day | 58.28 ± 2.46 | 71.00 ± 0.50 | < 0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate intake, g/day | 304.01 ± 12.08 | 323.21 ± 1.72 | 0.1137 |
| Fat intake, g/day | 28.69 ± 1.80 | 38.04 ± 0.39 | < 0.0001 |
| Alcohol intake§ | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 79 (47.7) | 10123 (75.7) | |
| No | 100 (52.3) | 4049 (24.3) | |
| Cigarette smoking∥ | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 6 (4.7) | 2947 (25.4) | |
| No | 173 (95.3) | 11225 (74.6) | |
| Physical activity¶ | 0.1114 | ||
| Yes | 40 (21.8) | 3571 (27.8) | |
| No | 139 (78.2) | 10601 (72.2) |
HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, Total-C: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, BUN: blood urinary nitrogen.
*Mean (S.E); †N (%); ‡Lean BMI < 18.5, Normal: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, Obese: 25 ≤ BMI; §Alcohol drink: drink alcohol more than one time per month (Yes) or not (No); ∥Cigarette smoking: smoked more than five packs of cigarettes in the past (Yes) or no history of smoking (No); ¶Physical activity: Any physical activity designed for muscle mass enhancement last week; **For the comparison with non-cancer healthy subjects the t-test was used for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.