Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Total N=927 |
No or mild congestion N=835 |
Interstitial edema N=72 |
Alveolar edema N=20 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 61 (55-67) | 61 (55-67) | 63 (55-68) | 70 (59-73) | 0.010 |
| Male gender | 707 (76%) | 643 (77%) | 50 (69%) | 14 (70%) | 0.281 |
| Height (cm) | 174 (168-179) | 174 (168-180) | 170 (168-179) | 170 (165-174) | 0.120 |
| Weight (kg) | 85 (75-95) | 85 (75-95) | 82 (76-90) | 83 (74-97) | 0.582 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (120-160) | 140 (120-160) | 135 (113-155) | 135 (103-151) | 0.071 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | 70 (63-80) | 0.008 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 76 (66-87) | 75 (66-86) | 82 (74-105) | 87 (73-98) | <0.001 |
| Type of acute coronary syndrome | 0.022 | ||||
| Unstable angina | 36 (4%) | 35 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| NSTEMI | 278 (30%) | 248 (30%) | 18 (25%) | 12 (60%) | |
| STEMI | 613 (66%) | 552 (66%) | 53 (74%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 508 (55%) | 459 (55%) | 35 (49%) | 14 (70%) | 0.224 |
| Dyslipidemia | 380 (41%) | 339 (41%) | 31 (43%) | 10 (50%) | 0.653 |
| Diabetes | 206 (22%) | 171 (21%) | 24 (33%) | 11 (55%) | < 0.001 |
| Active smoking | 424 (46%) | 384 (46%) | 34 (49%) | 6 (30%) | 0.597 |
| Family history | 192 (28%) | 179 (29%) | 11 (24%) | 2 (20%) | 0.718 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 107 (12%) | 99 (12%) | 7 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 0.562 |
| Previous PCI | 83 (9%) | 80 (10%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (5%) | 0.125 |
| Previous CABG | 22 (2%) | 18 (2%) | 4 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.149 |
| Previous stroke | 49 (5%) | 38 (5%) | 9 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 0.010 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 53 (6%) | 41 (5%) | 7 (10%) | 5 (25%) | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 39 (4%) | 35 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 2 (10%) | 0.362 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 25 (3%) | 19 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (15%) | 0.002 |
| Laboratory values at admission | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 143 (133-153) | 143 (133-153) | 142 (129-157) | 137 (113.5-149) | 0.170 |
| Leucocytes ( × 109/L) | 10.9 (8.7-13.7) | 10.7 (8.6-13.3) | 12.4 (9.7-16.5) | 13.4 (10.9-17.8) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140 (137-141) | 140 (137-141) | 139 (137-141) | 138 (137-142) | 0.196 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4 (3.7-4.4) | 4 (3.7-4.4) | 4.1 (3.8-4.4) | 4.5 (4.1-5.0) | 0.002 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.3-10) | 7.5 (6.2-9.7) | 9 (7.8-12.1) | 13 (7.5-17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 82 (71-97) | 82 (70-96) | 84 (75-98) | 103 (81-131) | 0.002 |
| Troponin T* (µg/L) | 1.41 (0.372-3.78) | 1.34 (0.33-3.52) | 3.47 (1.22-7.00) | 1.16 (0.52-3.66) | < 0.001 |
| CRP* (mg/L) | 18 (6-62) | 15 (6-51) | 70 (24-175) | 66 (39-163) | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay (days) | 5 (4-7) | 5 (4-7) | 6 (4-9) | 7 (5-12) | 0.007 |
| In-hospital mortality | 10 (1.1%) | 4 (0.5%) | 4 (5.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | < 0.001 |
*Reported BNP and Troponin T values at 24 hr after admission; CRP values are at 48 hr after admission.
Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.