Table 1.
Patient and caregiver characteristics according to diabetes status of the patient with AD dementia
| Characteristica | Overall N = 1495 | Patients with diabetes N = 188 | Patients without diabetes N = 1307 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | ||||
| Age, yearsb | 77.6 (7.65) | 78.0 (6.97) | 77.5 (7.74) | 0.137 |
| Sex, n (%) female | 819 (54.8) | 94 (50.0) | 725 (55.5) | 0.171 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (4.07) | 26.3 (4.20) | 25.2 (4.02) | <0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.019 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 1076 (72.0) | 122 (64.9) | 954 (73.0) | |
| Widowed | 361 (24.2) | 60 (31.9) | 301 (23.0) | |
| Divorced/separated | 36 (2.4) | 2 (1.1) | 34 (2.6) | |
| Never married | 21 (1.4) | 4 (2.1) | 17 (1.3) | |
| Living location, n (%) | 0.892 | |||
| Urban | 1131 (75.7) | 143 (76.1) | 988 (95.7) | |
| Rural | 363 (24.3) | 45 (23.9) | 318 (24.3) | |
| Living in own home, n (%) | 1428 (95.7) | 179 (95.7) | 1249 (95.7) | 0.220 |
| Living alone in own home, n (%) | 253 (17.7) | 33 (18.4) | 220 (17.6) | 0.017 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 885 (61.4) | 91 (51.1) | 794 (62.9) | 0.043 |
| Years of education | 10.4 (3.15) | 9.5 (2.84) | 10.6 (3.17) | <0.001 |
| Time since AD diagnosis, years | 2.2 (2.23) | 2.1 (2.00) | 2.3 (2.26) | 0.268 |
| Patients with comorbiditiesc, n (%) | 1101 (73.6) | 188 (100) | 913 (69.9) | 0.144 |
| Diabetes drug use, n (%) | 165 (87.8) | |||
| Experienced a fall in last 3 months, n (%) | 196 (13.1) | 26 (13.8) | 170 (13.0) | 0.465 |
| MMSE total score (range 0–30) | 17.4 (6.34) | 17.4 (6.14) | 17.4 (6.37) | 0.909 |
| Neuropsychological assessment in last 6 months, n (%) | 841 (56.4) | 108 (57.4) | 733 (56.2) | 0.499 |
| AD drug use, n (%) | 0.750 | |||
| No AD medications | 212 (14.2) | 29 (15.4) | 183 (14.0) | |
| One AD medication | 1121 (75.0) | 141 (75.0) | 980 (75.0) | |
| Two or more AD medications | 162 (10.8) | 18 (9.6) | 144 (11.0) | |
| Psychiatric/hypnotic drug use, n (%) | 393 (26.3) | 44 (23.4) | 349 (26.7) | 0.656 |
| Caregivers | ||||
| Age, yearsb | 67.3 (12.04) | 65.0 (12.69) | 67.7 (11.91) | 0.012 |
| Sex, n (%) female | 958 (64.2) | 139 (73.9) | 819 (62.8) | 0.005 |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.403 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 1316 (88.1) | 163 (86.7) | 1153 (88.4) | |
| Widowed | 38 (2.5) | 3 (1.6) | 35 (2.7) | |
| Divorced/separated | 70 (4.7) | 9 (4.8) | 61 (4.7) | |
| Never married | 69 (4.6) | 13 (6.9) | 56 (4.3) | |
| Relationship to the patient, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Wife | 503 (33.7) | 70 (37.2) | 433 (33.2) | |
| Husband | 481 (32.2) | 39 (20.7) | 442 (33.9) | |
| Child | 405 (27.1) | 69 (36.7) | 336 (25.7) | |
| Friend | 20 (1.3) | 2 (1.1) | 18 (1.4) | |
| Other | 84 (5.6) | 8 (4.3) | 76 (5.8) | |
| Caregiver lives with the patient, n (%) | 1135 (76.0) | 141 (75.0) | 994 (76.2) | 0.781 |
| Caregivers with medical conditionsc, n (%) | 875 (58.6) | 105 (55.9) | 770 (59.0) | 0.181 |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, BMI body mass index, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination
aData are presented as mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. Percentages reported are for patients/caregivers with data available for each specific variable. Missing data for patients (overall): no missing data for age, sex, comorbidities, diabetes drug use, MMSE total score, AD drug use, psychiatric/hypnotic drug use; amount of missing data for other variables were BMI (n = 220), marital status (n = 1), living location (n = 1), living in own home (n = 3), living alone in own home (n = 67), alcohol consumption (n = 54), years of education (n = 6), time since AD diagnosis (n = 1), experienced a fall (n = 2), neuropsychological assessment (n = 3). Missing data for caregivers (overall) was n = 2 for all variables except medical conditions (n = 1; caregiver diabetes status not collected)
bThe Case Report Form collected only birth year data, thus the missing month and day were imputed with 15 July. Age is the year part of the difference between the date of Informed Consent and the imputed birth date
cData include the presence of diabetes
P-values are for the comparison between patient diabetes groups (ANOVA for continuous variables, with country and diabetes status as factors, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables, with stratification by country)
P-values indicating statistically significant differences between patient diabetes groups (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold type