Table 1.
Study population
| Characteristic | Frequency | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age group | ||
| <25 | 139 | 7.01 |
| 25–29 | 459 | 23.15 |
| 30–34 | 709 | 35.75 |
| 35+ | 676 | 34.09 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 237 | 11.96 |
| Former | 542 | 27.36 |
| Never | 1202 | 60.68 |
| Country of birth | ||
| Foreign born | 371 | 18.71 |
| Canadian born | 1612 | 81.29 |
| Maternal education | ||
| High school or less | 175 | 8.83 |
| Some college or college degree | 572 | 28.87 |
| Undergraduate degree or higher | 1234 | 62.29 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1424 | 71.81 |
| Other | 559 | 28.19 |
| Income | ||
| ≤$50,000 | 347 | 17.49 |
| $50,001–$100,000 | 786 | 39.64 |
| More than $100,000 | 757 | 38.17 |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 874 | 44.12 |
| 1 | 800 | 40.38 |
| 2+ | 307 | 15.5 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||
| Underweight to normal (BMI <25) | 1164 | 63.36 |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI <30) | 404 | 21.99 |
| Obese (BMI >30) | 269 | 14.64 |
| Fasting status | ||
| No | 1914 | 98 |
| Yes | 39 | 2 |
| Season of sampling (1st trimester) | ||
| Fall | 575 | 29.41 |
| Spring | 448 | 22.92 |
| Summer | 464 | 23.73 |
| Winter | 468 | 23.94 |
| Infant gender | ||
| Male | 1034 | 52.51 |
| Female | 926 | 47.03 |
| Babies | ||
| Singletons | 1934 | 97.53 |
| Twins | 47 | 2.37 |
| Triplets | 2 | 0.10 |
Note: for income and infant gender, sum of percent is not 100, because there is a group (don’t know) was not included