Table S1.
Growth conditions tested with C. glutamicum WT and Δpup mutant in this study
| Condition | Description |
| Carbon sources | Concentration of the carbon source in CGXII minimal medium |
| Acetate* | 2% (wt/vol) acetic acid |
| Lactate* | 100 mM sodium l-lactate |
| Gluconate* | 100 mM sodium gluconate |
| Citrate* | 50 mM trisodium citrate + 5 mM CaCl2 |
| Arabitol | 0.8% (wt/vol) d-arabitol |
| Glutamine | 70 mM l-glutamine [as sole carbon and nitrogen source: no addition of urea and (NH4)2SO4 to CGXII medium] |
| Other conditions | In CGXII minimal medium with 4% (wt/vol) glucose |
| Heat stress | Incubation at 55 °C for 5, 10, or 15 min at an OD600 of 5 followed by further incubation at 30 °C |
| Nitrosative stress | CGXII minimal medium with pH 5.5 instead of 7.0 (Mes instead of Mops buffer system) supplemented with 0, 3, or 10 mM NaNO2 using an initial OD600 of 0.1 instead of 1.0 |
| DTT* | Addition of 1 or 0.2 g/L DTT |
| Nitrogen starvation | At an OD600 of 5, cells were harvested, washed, and transferred to CGXII minimal medium with 4% (wt/vol) glucose without addition of urea and (NH4)2SO4; the number of cfu/mL was determined daily over a period of at least 3 d |
| Cu excess* | 20 µM CuSO4 added to CGXII minimal medium (total Cu2+ concentration 21.5 µM) |
| -Mn* | Medium contained trace elements solution without MnSO4 |
| -Zn* | Medium contained trace elements solution without ZnSO4 |
| -Cu* | Medium contained trace elements solution without CuSO4 |
| -Ni* | Medium contained trace elements solution without NiCl2 |
| Low Mg* | Medium contained 2.5 mg/L instead of 250 mg/L MgSO4 |
| Low Ca | Medium contained 0.1 mg/L instead of 10 mg/L CaCl2 |
| Iron concentrations | In CGXII minimal medium with 4% (wt/vol) glucose |
| High iron | Medium contained 100 µM FeSO4 instead of 36 µM FeSO4 |
| Low iron* | Medium contained 10, 5, 1, or 0.3 µM FeSO4 (medium not pretreated with chelator) |
| No iron | Medium contained trace elements solution without FeSO4; medium pretreated with Chelex-100 for 2 h before addition of trace elements solution |
Deviations to the standard cultivation conditions [CGXII medium with 4% (wt/vol) glucose] are indicated.
*
Cultivation conditions performed in BioLector cultivation system after precultivation in BHI complex medium. If not stated otherwise, all other cultivations were performed in shake flasks and cells were precultivated in the same medium as the main culture.