Table 2.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors across cognitive performance groups defined using the TYM in a population‐based study of 1570 older British men aged 71–92 years
| Normal cognitive ageing (n = 801, 51%) | Mild cognitive impairment (n = 636, 41%) | Severe cognitive impairments (n = 133, 8%) | p‐value ‡ (linear trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age
(M ± SD) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
78.09 ± 4.39 1.00 |
78.32 ± 4.69 1.01 (0.99–1.08) |
78.88 ± 4.76 1.04 (1.00–1.08) |
0.16 |
|
Manual social class
n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
272 (35%) 1.00 |
334 (54%) 2.20 (1.77–2.74)** |
100 (76%) 6.15 (4.00–9.45)** |
<0.001 |
|
Physical inactivity
n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
274 (36%) 1.00 |
247 (42%) 1.29 (1.03–1.61)** |
61 (50%) 1.77 (1.20–2.61)** |
0.001 |
|
Smoking, never smoked
n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
344 (43%) 1.00 |
209 (33%) 0.66 (0.53–0.82)** |
41 (31%) 0.61 (0.41–0.90)* |
<0.001 |
|
Alcohol consumption, moderate/heavy drinker
n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
25 (2%) 1.00 |
10 (2%) 0.85 (0.38–1.92) |
3 (2%) 1.29 (0.37–4.53) |
0.99 |
|
Fair or poor sleep quality
n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
273 (35%) 1.00 |
237 (38%) 1.17 (0.94–1.45) |
68 (53%) 2.09 (1.44–3.05)* |
<0.001 |
|
Hours of night‐time sleep,
Lower quintile (<6.0 h) n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
277 (35%) 1.00 |
249 (40%) 1.24 (1.00–1.54) |
67 (52%) 1.95 (1.34–2.84)** |
<0.001 |
|
Hours of daytime sleep,
Top quintile (≥1.5 h) n (%) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
48 (7%) 1.00 |
61 (12%) 1.74 (1.17–2.59)* |
27 (26%) 4.46 (2.63–7.58)** |
<0.001 |
|
Limited social interactions
n (%) with 0–3 of 9 social interactions Odds ratio (95% CI) |
78 (15%) 1.00 |
86 (25%) 1.86 (1.32–2.62)** |
18 (28%) 2.11 (1.17–3.83)** |
<0.001 |
All odds ratios are age‐adjusted.
TYM, Test Your Memory; CI, confidence interval.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
‡
p for linear trend across ordered categories.