Table 3.

Factors responsible for the recruitment of P-TEFb to promoters.

Factor	Functions	References
Brd4	Binds free P-TEFb	[15,23]
	Binds Mediator	[24]
	Binds JMJD6 to release P-TEFb	[25]
	Binds Oct4 and regulates pluripotency genes in ESCs	[57]
Mediator (MED26)	Recruits P-TEFb as a part of SEC	[28]
Mediator (MED23)	Binds P-TEFb in ESCs	[30]
HIF1A	Induces the Mediator-SEC interaction	[29]
c-Myc	Directly binds Cdk9 and CycT1	[31,32]
	Binds a third of active genes in ESCs	[33]
MyoD	Binds P-TEFb to activate muscle differentiation genes	[37]
Ikaros	Binds Cdk9 to elongate the γ globin gene in erythroid cells	[46]
GATA1	Binds P-TEFb during megakaryocyte differentiation	[47]
TIF1 γ	Recruits P-TEFb to erythroid genes during erythropoiesis	[48]
Klf4	Recruits P-TEFb during iPSC formation	[52]
NF-κB	Recruits P-TEFb to the IL-8 promoter upon TNFα stimulation	[58]
Cdk8	Binds Mediator and promotes elongation	[59]
STAT3	Binds Cdk9 upon induction by IL-6 in hepatoblastoma cells	[60]
Estrogen receptor α	Overcomes pausing at intron 1 of the MYB gene after binding of estrogen	[61]
Androgen receptor	Binds P-TEFb upon stimulation by androgen in prostatic cancer cells	[62]
PPARγ	Directly binds Cdk9 during adipogenesis	[63]
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Recruits P-TEFb to a cytochrome P450 gene upon binding to aryl hydrocarbon	[64]

Brd4: Bromodomain containing 4; P-TEFb: Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b; JMJD6: Jumonji C-Domain-Containing Protein 6; ESC: Embryonic Stem Cell; SEC: Super-Elongation Complex; HIF1A: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1A; CycT1: Cyclin T1; GATA1: GATA Binding Protein 1; TIF1γ: Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 γ; Klf4: Kruppel-like factor 4; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor-κB; STAT3: Signal Transducer and Activator 3; IL-6: Interleukin 6; PPARγ: Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ