Table 4.

A Comparison of PPP analyses in various cell types.

Cell Types	Methods of detection	Paused percentage	Categories of paused genes	Pluripotency relation	Reference
Mouse ESCs cultured with serum	GRO-seq	39%	Pluripotency, DNA damage response, translation, cell cycle, and catabolism	Pol II is not significantly paused at developmental regulators. Pluripotency genes are partially paused.	[10]
MEFs	GRO-seq	34%	DNA damage response, translation, cell cycle, and catabolism	Not Discussed	[10]
Mouse ESCs cultured with 2i	GRO-seq and ChIP-seq of Pol II	Not discussed	Cell cycle, signal transduction, and cell proliferation	Pol II is not significantly paused at developmental regulators.	[14]
Mouse ESCs cultured with 2i	ChIP-seq of Pol II	Not discussed	Not Discussed	A general increase in PPP after growth in cells cultured with 2i than with serum.	[51]
Mouse iPSCs	ChIP-seq of Pol II	Not discussed	Oct4 in the later stage of reprogramming	Klf4 recruits Cdk9 to the pluripotency promoters.	[52]
Human ESCs cultured with serum	ChIP-chip of Pol II-S5P	52%	Not discussed	Not discussed	[8]
Human hepatocytes	ChIP-chip of Pol II	36%	Not discussed	Not discussed	[8]
Human B cells	ChIP-chip of Pol II	42%	Not discussed	Not discussed	[8]