Table 2.

Parameter choices for the simulation scenarios

	Simulation scenario	(μ 1,μ 2)	(σ 1,σ 2)	σ jk	ρ	α (0)	α (1)−α (0) a
1	Distinct differences	(−0.05,0.5)	(0.05, 0.75)	Unif(0.1, 2)	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
2	No confounding	(0.25, 0.25)	(0.5, 0.5)	0.1	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
3	Opposite effects	(−0.75,0.75)	(0.1, 0.1)	0.1	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
4	High precision	(0.3, 0.1)	(0.1, 0.1)	0.1	200	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
5	Low precision	(0.3, 0.1)	(0.1, 0.1)	0.1	10	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
6	Continuous phenotype	(−0.05,0.25)	(0.05, 0.15)	0.1	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.03\\ \\ \\ -0.03\end{array}\right]$
7	Few assoc. sites	(1, 0.95)	(0.05, 0.05)	Unif(0.1, 2)	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
8	Many assoc. sites block 1 b	(0.1,0.4)	(0.01, 0.01)	Unif(0.1, 2)	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$
	Many assoc. sites block 2 c	(0.2,0.7)	(0.01, 0.01)	Unif(0.1, 2)	100	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.57\\ \\ \\ 0.43\end{array}\right]$	$\left[\begin{array}{l}0.08\\ \\ \\ -0.08\end{array}\right]$

k=1 corresponds to monocytes, and k=2 corresponds to CD4 ⁺ T cells

^aAverage change in cell-type proportion for unit increase in phenotype

^bBackground correlation for block 1 was 0.4

^cBackground correlation for block 2 was 0.5