Table 2.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence (total anti-HAV) by demographic characteristics: NHANES: 2003–2012
| Hepatitis A seroprevalence (total anti-HAV) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TUA1* | TUA2† | |||
| Population characteristics | (N = 11 092) | Seropositive (95% CI) | (N = 10 801) | Seropositive (95% CI) |
| Overall prevalence | 5064 | 35·1% (33·3–36·9) | 4934 | 34·9% (33·1–36·7) |
| Sex | P = 0·926 | P = 0·936 | ||
| Male | 5517 | 35·0% (32·7–37·4) | 5408 | 34·9 (32·5–37·3) |
| Female | 5575 | 35·1% (33·1–37·1) | 5393 | 34·9 (32·9–36·9) |
| Race | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| Mexican American | 2267 | 75·5% (72·9–78·1) | 2222 | 75·4% (72·8–78·1) |
| Other Hispanic | 821 | 63·2% (58·5–68·0) | 799 | 63·1% (58·4–67·8) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 4593 | 25·5% (23·9–27·2) | 4443 | 25·2% (23·5–26·9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2637 | 36·9% (34·3–39·6) | 2588 | 36·9% (34·4–39·6) |
| Other race/multiracial | 774 | 57·8% (52·5–62·9) | 749 | 57·8% (52·6–62·9) |
| Family income/poverty ratio | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| Below poverty level ⩽1 | 2771 | 45·4% (31·9–34·9) | 2703 | 45·3% (41·8–48·9) |
| Above poverty level >1 | 8321 | 33·1% (31·4–34·9) | 8098 | 32·9% (31·2–34·7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | P = 0·138 | P = 0·168 | ||
| Underweight | 264 | 31·6% (24·2–39·1) | 257 | 32·6% (24·9–40·3) |
| Normal weight | 4342 | 35·8% (33·2–38·4) | 4218 | 35·8% (33·2–38·5) |
| Overweight | 3132 | 35·9% (33·6–38·2) | 3053 | 35·6% (33·4–37·8) |
| Obese | 3354 | 33·6% (31·3–35·9) | 3273 | 33·3% (30·9–35·7) |
| Age (years) | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| 6–11 | 1420 | 44·2% (39·7–49·3) | 1377 | 44·8% (39·6–49·9) |
| 12–19 | 2226 | 36·4% (32·3–40·4) | 2177 | 35·9% (31·6–40·3) |
| ⩾20 | 7446 | 33·9% (33·4–37·4) | 7247 | 33·8% (32·0–35·6) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) (tertiles) | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| (6–75) | 3367 | 37·9% (35·5–40·3) | 3175 | 37·8% (35·3–40·2) |
| (76–145) | 3850 | 36·7% (34·2–39·1) | 3804 | 36·5% (34·1–38·9) |
| (146–800) | 3875 | 30·7% (28·3–33·1) | 3822 | 30·6% (28·2–33·0) |
| Country of birth | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| United States | 8863 | 27·9% (26·3–29·6) | 8619 | 27·7% (26·1–29·4) |
| Elsewhere | 2229 | 76·9% (73·7–80·0) | 2182 | 76·6% (73·3–79·9) |
| TUA1 (μg/l) (quartiles) | P < 0·001 | |||
| 2·69–4·14 | 2470 | 32·9% (30·2–35·6) | – | – |
| 4·15–5·89 | 2755 | 32·4% (29·3–34·8) | – | – |
| 5·90–8·54 | 2848 | 31·9% (29·4–34·5) | – | – |
| 8·55–628 | 3019 | 43·1% (40·1–46·0) | – | – |
| TUA2 (μg/l) (quartiles) | P < 0·001 | |||
| 0–2·72 | – | – | 2460 | 31·6% (29·1–34·1) |
| 2·73–5·3 | – | – | 2661 | 33·6% (30·9–36·3) |
| 5·31–9·88 | – | – | 2824 | 32·9% (29·7–36·0) |
| 9·89–718·9 | – | – | 2856 | 41·8% (38·9–44·8) |
| Hepatitis A immunization | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | ||
| ⩾2 doses | 2941 | 51·9% (48·8–55·0) | 2854 | 52·0% (48·9–55·2) |
| <2 doses | 273 | 41·6% (33·3–49·8) | 268 | 41·9% (33·6–50·4) |
| 0 dose | 6603 | 29·1% (27·3–30·9) | 6438 | 28·8% (26·9–30·6) |
| Don't know | 1275 | 35·0% (31·1–38·9) | 1241 | 35·3% (31·5–39·1) |
CI, Confidence interval.
*
TUA1 = AsIII + AsV + MMA + DMA.
†
TUA2 = total urinary As – arsenocholine – arsenobetaine.