Table 2. Relative risk of mortality by presence of social network member and level of social-emotional support, among 4,530 participants diagnosed with breast cancer from the WHI, 1993–2009.
| Total person- time |
High support | Low support | High support | Low support | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
| All-cause death |
HR* | 95% CI | All-cause death |
HR* | 95% CI | Breast cancer death |
HR* | 95% CI | Breast cancer death |
HR* | 95% CI | ||
| Married | |||||||||||||
| No | 11,082 | 52 | 1.00 | 99 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 | 42 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 20,101 | 109 | 0.67 | (0.47–0.97) | 94 | 1.31 | (0.95–1.81) | 62 | 0.79 | (0.47–1.33) | 60 | 1.82 | (1.15–2.88) |
| P value | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| P-interaction | 0.02 | 0.005 | |||||||||||
| Relatives | |||||||||||||
| 0–3 | 8,519 | 36 | 1.00 | 57 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | 23 | 1.00 | ||||
| 4–5 | 10,450 | 47 | 0.93 | (0.58–1.49) | 50 | 0.84 | (0.57–1.27) | 30 | 1.12 | (0.59–2.15) | 30 | 1.13 | (0.63–2.02) |
| 6–9 | 9,632 | 57 | 1.07 | (0.67–1.70) | 61 | 1.04 | (0.70–1.56) | 26 | 0.93 | (0.48–1.81) | 36 | 1.36 | (0.76–2.44) |
| 10 or more | 2,583 | 21 | 1.52 | (0.84–2.72) | 25 | 1.20 | (0.71–2.05) | 12 | 2.02 | (0.90–4.52) | 13 | 1.14 | (0.53–2.43) |
| P-continuous** | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.51 | |||||||||
| P-interaction | 0.91 | 0.79 | |||||||||||
| Club participation | |||||||||||||
| No | 13,033 | 63 | 1.00 | 87 | 1.00 | 40 | 1.00 | 49 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 18,150 | 98 | 1.00 | (0.72–1.40) | 106 | 1.07 | (0.79–1.44) | 48 | 0.75 | (0.48–1.19) | 53 | 1.01 | (0.67–1.53) |
| P value | 0.99 | 0.68 | 0.46 | 0.97 | |||||||||
| P-interaction | 0.89 | 0.34 | |||||||||||
| Religious participation | |||||||||||||
| No | 11,452 | 43 | 1.00 | 71 | 1.00 | 36 | 1.00 | 34 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 19,731 | 108 | 1.18 | (0.83–1.68) | 122 | 0.96 | (0.71–1.31) | 52 | 0.94 | (0.59–1.53) | 68 | 1.08 | (0.69–1.67) |
| P value | 0.36 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.74 | |||||||||
| P-interaction | 0.47 | 0.36 | |||||||||||
Multivariate-adjusted models adjusted for age, study arm (OS, CT [ref]), time between diagnosis and assessment of social networks, race (white, nonwhite [ref]), income (<$20,000, 20– <50 K, 50–<100 K, $100 K+ [ref]), education (≤HS, >HS-college graduate, post-graduate [ref]), family history of breast cancer (no history [ref], 1 first-degree relative before age 45, 2+ relatives), cancer stage at diagnosis (localized [ref], regional, distant), tumor size (≤3 mm [ref], >3 mm), HER-2 neu status (positive, negative [ref]), nodal status (no involvement [ref], any involvement), estrogen-receptor status (positive, negative [ref]), age at first birth (never pregnant, never had term pregnancy, <20, 20-29, ≥30 years [ref]), smoking status (never [ref], past, current), BMI (<25 [ref] 25–29, 30+ kg/m2), physical activity (<3 [ref], 3–17, 18+ mets/week), comorbidity (yes, no [ref]), mammography within the last two years (yes, no [ref])
P value, continuous variable
Results in bold were statistically significant (P<0.05)