Table 1.
Guanylyl cyclases, tissue distribution, cognate ligand and effect of inactivation. Abbreviations are: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide; CO, carbon monoxide; CO2/HCO3, carbon dioxide/bicarbonate; GCAPs, guanylyl cyclase activator proteins; Gn, guanylin; Hb, hemoglobin; NO, nitric oxide; Sta, heat-stable enterotoxin; Uro, uroguanylin.
| Guanylyl cyclase | Tissue expression | Ligand | Effect of inactivation |
|---|---|---|---|
| GC-A | Lung, kidney, adrenal, vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, heart, adipose | ANP, BNP | Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis |
| GC-B | Bone, vascular smooth muscle, lung, brain, heart, liver, uterus and follicle | CNP | Acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteaux dwarfism, female sterility, axon bifurcation in spinal cord |
| GC-C | Intestinal epithelium | Guanylin, uroguanylin and bacterial heat-stable enterotoxin | Increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation |
| GC-D | Olfactory bulb | CO2/HCO3 | Loss of guanylin- and uroguanylin-dependent olfactory signaling |
| GC-E | Retina, pineal gland | GCAPs | Cone dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1, blindness |
| GC-F | Retina | GCAPs | No obvious phenotype |
| GC-G | Lung, intestine, skeletal muscle, testes | CO2/HCO3 | Increased deleterious responses to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury |
| Soluble alpha 1 | Platelets, lung, brain, vasculature | NO, CO | Loss of NO-dependent platelet aggregation |
| Soluble alpha 2 | Brain, vasculature | NO, CO | No obvious effect |
| Soluble beta 1 | Platelets, lung, brain, vasculature | NO, CO | Hypertension, loss of NO-dependent platelet aggregation, male sterility and severely reduced intestinal motility |
| Soluble beta 2 | Kidney and liver | ? | ? |