Table 3.
Catalog of Health Condition Impacts for the Seven Health Utility Measures, Stratified by Agea
Each column of the table includes the regression results an individual instrument. The individual instrument was regressed on age, sex, and presence of the sixteen health conditions. Estimates represent the difference in mean utility based on each instrument between those with and without the specific condition, while adjusting for age, sex, and other conditions. Statistically significant health condition impacts are bolded. In general, a clinically important difference in these measures are between 0.03 and 0.05.
| Age, y, 35–69
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| EQ-5Db Estimate (SE) | HALexc Estimate (SE) | HUI2d Estimate (SE) | HUI3 Estimate (SE) | SF-6D Estimate (SE) | QWB-SAe Estimate (SE) | VASf Estimate (SE) | |
| Constant | 0.93 (0.0078) | 0.90 (0.0096) | 0.90 (0.0079) | 0.89 (0.012) | 0.83 (0.0078) | 0.73 (0.011) | 89 (0.8) |
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| Age, y, 35 | 0.0004 (0.0004) | −0.0007 (0.0005) | 0.0004 (0.0004) | 0.0011 (0.00066) | 0.0006 (0.0004) | −0.0006 (0.0004) | 0.029 (0.048) |
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| Male | 0.005 (0.007) | 0.009 (0.010) | 0.015 (0.008) | 0.008 (0.012) | 0.014 (0.007) | 0.024 (0.009) | −0.58 (0.84) |
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| CHDg with chest pain medications | −0.052 (0.029) | −0.18 (0.038) | −0.062 (0.029) | −0.10 (0.045) | −0.043 (0.025) | −0.043 (0.018) | −7.8 (3.3) |
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| CHD without chest pain medications | −0.026 (0.018) | −0.12 (0.040) | −0.049 (0.027) | −0.053 (0.037) | −0.040 (0.016) | −0.062 (0.019) | −6.5 (2.5) |
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| Stroke | −0.029 (0.031) | −0.027 (0.068) | −0.041 (0.052) | −0.097 (0.072) | −0.017 (0.039) | −0.094 (0.023) | −12 (3.8) |
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| Diabetes and using insulin | −0.025 (0.030) | −0.16 (0.034) | −0.051 (0.037) | −0.059 (0.052) | −0.036 (0.021) | −0.030 (0.021) | −10 (4.3) |
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| Diabetes and using medications which are not insulin | 0.00021 (0.021) | −0.10 (0.029) | −0.056 (0.030) | −0.070 (0.039) | −0.030 (0.016) | −0.039 (0.016) | −5.2 (2.2) |
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| Diabetes without medication | −0.036 (0.024) | −0.078 (0.035) | −0.055 (0.023) | −0.088 (0.032) | −0.038 (0.016) | −0.044 (0.033) | −7.1 (2.4) |
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| Arthritis | −0.076 (0.0092) | −0.053 (0.014) | −0.062 (0.011) | −0.087 (0.016) | −0.044 (0.0090) | −0.057 (0.0089) | −5.2 (1.0) |
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| Eye disease | −0.021 (0.011) | −0.035 (0.018) | −0.023 (0.014) | −0.044 (0.021) | −0.011 (0.0099) | −0.047 (0.011) | −0.77 (1.4) |
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| Sleep disorder | −0.096 (0.021) | −0.098 (0.025) | −0.10 (0.022) | −0.13 (0.032) | −0.054 (0.014) | −0.054 (0.013) | −4.9 (1.8) |
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| Asthma | −0.019 (0.017) | −0.061 (0.025) | 0.0025 (0.019) | −0.036 (0.033) | −0.024 (0.013) | −0.046 (0.013) | −1.0 (2.2) |
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| Emphysema | −0.073 (0.026) | −0.10 (0.038) | −0.091 (0.038) | −0.12 (0.058) | −0.051 (0.022) | −0.026 (0.027) | −16 (4.3) |
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| Chronic bronchitis | −0.063 (0.029) | −0.067 (0.038) | −0.058 (0.032) | −0.095 (0.050) | −0.035 (0.022) | −0.050 (0.020) | −9.1 (2.7) |
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| Depression/anxiety | −0.099 (0.013) | −0.095 (0.019) | −0.12 (0.016) | −0.15 (0.023) | −0.083 (0.010) | −0.11 (0.0099) | −9.4 (1.5) |
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| GIh ulcer | −0.031 (0.013) | −0.057 (0.022) | −0.040 (0.014) | −0.048 (0.023) | −0.044 (0.013) | −0.038 (0.012) | −4.4 (1.4) |
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| Thyroid disorder currently taking medications | −0.0063 (0.014) | −0.016 (0.019) | 0.0011 (0.016) | −0.021 (0.029) | −0.0065 (0.012) | −0.0011 (0.01) | 0.33 (1.9) |
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| Chronic back pain from disk herniation | −0.092 (0.019) | −0.12 (0.024) | −0.11 (0.022) | −0.15 (0.033) | −0.08 (0.015) | −0.054 (0.015) | −6.9 (2.0) |
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| R2 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 |
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| Average of the estimates for the 16 health conditions | −0.047 | −0.085 | −0.057 | −0.084 | −0.040 | −0.050 | −0.066 |
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| Average of the estimates for the 16 health conditions divided by the average EQ-5D estimate of −0.047 | 1.00 | 1.81 | 1.21 | 1.79 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 1.40 |
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| Age, y, 70–89
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| EQ-5D Estimate (SE) | HALex Estimate (SE) | HUI2 Estimate (SE) | HUI3 Estimate (SE) | SF-6D Estimate (SE) | QWB-SA Estimate (SE) | VAS Estimate (SE) | |
| Constant | 0.92 (0.013) | 0.88 (0.019) | 0.93 (0.014) | 0.92 (0.022) | 0.85 (0.013) | 0.73 (0.013) | 88 (1.6) |
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| Age, y, 70 | −0.0009 (0.00010) | −0.0038 (0.0015) | −0.0018 (0.0011) | −0.0045 (0.0019) | −0.0016 (0.00094) | −0.0031 (0.0011) | −0.18 (0.14) |
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| Male | 0.030 (0.0099) | 0.042 (0.016) | 0.036 (0.012) | 0.034 (0.019) | 0.023 (0.011) | 0.002 (0.011) | 2.5 (1.4) |
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| CHD with chest pain medications | −0.049 (0.019) | −0.14 (0.028) | −0.10 (0.029) | −0.15 (0.050) | −0.071 (0.017) | −0.071 (0.021) | −12 (2.6) |
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| CHD without chest pain medications | −0.0077 (0.016) | −0.025 (0.022) | −0.0032 (0.017) | 0.0078 (0.026) | −0.0099 (0.018) | −0.030 (0.017) | −2.4 (1.8) |
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| Stroke | −0.051 (0.017) | −0.15 (0.032) | −0.069 (0.022) | −0.13 (0.038) | −0.051 (0.017) | −0.042 (0.02) | −7.1 (2.6) |
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| Diabetes and using insulin | −0.047 (0.028) | −0.13 (0.039) | −0.015 (0.034) | −0.081 (0.062) | −0.044 (0.022) | −0.0099 (0.028) | −4.1 (4.0) |
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| Diabetes and using medications which are not insulin | −0.030 (0.019) | −0.092 (0.028) | −0.0031 (0.021) | 0.0032 (0.039) | −0.033 (0.017) | −0.020 (0.019) | −5.9 (2.2) |
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| Diabetes without medication | −0.0093 (0.020) | 0.0041 (0.031) | −0.029 (0.040) | −0.031 (0.051) | 0.013 (0.017) | −0.0079 (0.022) | 3.8 (2.2) |
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| Arthritis | −0.070 (0.0098) | −0.090 (0.016) | −0.064 (0.012) | −0.097 (0.019) | −0.074 (0.011) | −0.070 (0.010) | −6.9 (1.3) |
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| Eye disease | −0.0045 (0.010) | 0.0038 (0.016) | −0.018 (0.012) | −0.020 (0.020) | −0.013 (0.010) | −0.025 (0.011) | −1.1 (1.4) |
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| Sleep disorder | −0.078 (0.022) | −0.11 (0.032) | −0.063 (0.030) | −0.067 (0.048) | −0.072 (0.021) | −0.087 (0.024) | −7.5 (3.0) |
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| Asthma | −0.0037 (0.016) | −0.051 (0.029) | −0.024 (0.031) | −0.022 (0.045) | −0.055 (0.017) | −0.011 (0.021) | −4.1 (3.0) |
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| Emphysema | −0.0073 (0.021) | −0.12 (0.041) | −0.025 (0.037) | −0.023 (0.048) | −0.027 (0.018) | −0.020 (0.022) | −4.7 (3.2) |
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| Chronic bronchitis | 0.014 (0.027) | −0.077 (0.037) | −0.034 (0.042) | −0.073 (0.055) | −0.023 (0.020) | −0.021 (0.024) | −5.3 (4.0) |
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| Depression/anxiety | −0.071 (0.019) | −0.076 (0.026) | −0.085 (0.021) | −0.11 (0.038) | −0.072 (0.015) | −0.051 (0.015) | −2.2 (2.3) |
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| GI ulcer | −0.0035 (0.012) | 0.0071 (0.019) | −0.025 (0.017) | −0.0043 (0.025) | 0.0056 (0.014) | −0.0024 (0.014) | −0.46 (1.9) |
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| Thyroid disorder currently taking medications | −0.012 (0.014) | −0.018 (0.024) | 0.012 (0.016) | 0.0058 (0.028) | 0.018 (0.012) | −0.0024 (0.014) | 0.63 (1.9) |
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| Chronic back pain from disk herniation | −0.090 (0.019) | −0.050 (0.028) | −0.068 (0.025) | −0.11 (0.039) | −0.063 (0.017) | −0.067 (0.018) | −4.6 (2.4) |
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| R2 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.24 |
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| Average of the estimates for the 16 health conditions | −0.033 | −0.070 | −0.038 | −0.056 | −0.036 | −0.034 | −0.040 |
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| Average of the estimates for the 16 health conditions divided by the average EQ-5D estimate of −0.033 | 1.00 | 2.12 | 1.15 | 1.70 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.21 |
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a
Estimates in bold have P < 0.05. Each column contains the regression model results from the instrument which heads that column.
b
EQ-5D = EuroQol-5D-3L
c
HALex = Health and Activities Limitations Index
d
HUI = Health Utilities Index
e
QWB-SA = Quality of Well-being Scale
f
VAS = visual analog scale
g
CHD = coronary heart disease
h
GI = gastrointestinal