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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Theor Ecol. 2015 Aug 30;9(2):129–148. doi: 10.1007/s12080-015-0276-6

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Bias and mean squared error (MSE) in the estimated environmental autocorrelation, ϕ^ for data generated from a given lag with the Gompertz model with an ARMA(1,1) error structure. A) The estimated bias when performing model selection using AICc, B) the corresponding estimated mean squared error in ϕ^. C) The estimated bias present when using estimates from the lag-1 model, and D) the corresponding estimated mean squared error in ϕ^ estimator.