Table 2.
Sample Characteristics - Demographic and Health Related
| Variable | Mean (SD) / Frequency (%) |
Range |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 78.0 (7.51) | 60 – 93 |
| Education (years) | 16.8 (2.36) | 12 – 20 |
| Gender (% female) | 57 (68.7%) | — |
| Ethnicity | — | |
| Caucasian | 78 (92.9%) | |
| African American | 3 (3.60%) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (1.20%) | |
| Other | 2 (2.40%) | |
| Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) | 29.3 (1.05) | 26 – 30 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 26.0 (4.44) | 19 – 42 |
| Charleston Comorbidity Index (CCI) | 1.06 (1.37) | 0 – 6 |
| Cardiovascular Comorbidities | — | |
| Hypertension | 40 (47.6%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 7 (8.30%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (7.10%) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 (2.40%) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (1.20%) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (1.20%) | |
| Medications | — | |
| Antihypertensivesa | 40 (47.6%) | |
| Aspirin/Anticoagulants | 42 (50.0%) | |
| Cardiac medicationsb | 4 (4.80%) | |
| Statins | 30 (35.7%) | |
| Diabetic medications | 3 (3.60%) | |
| Thyroid medications | 17 (20.2%) | |
| Anticholinergics | 10 (11.9%) | |
| Cholinesterase inhibitors | 1 (1.20%) | |
| Antidepressants | 15 (17.9%) | |
| Benzodiazepines | 10 (11.9%) | |
| Opiates | 3 (3.60%) |
a
Calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil), alpha adrenergic antagonists (doxazosin, terazosin), alpha 2 adrenergic agonists (clonidine), beta blockers (metoprolol, atenolol), angiotensin II receptor blockers (valsartan, losartan, irbesarten, olmesartan), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (lisinopril, captopril, quinapril, ramipril, fosinopril, trandolapril), and renin inhibitors (alkisiren).
b
Antiarrhythmic drugs (flecainide acetate).