Table 3.
Total cost to the health system and households between 2010 and 2012 and cost of loss of income due to premature death (with no correction for underreporting)
| Type of cost | Cost (US$) (95% CI*) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |
| Cost to health system† | |||
| Outpatient DF | 5,650,192 (5,586,556–5,713,360) | 1,804,802 (1,753,591–1,851,990) | 1,569,644 (1,438,477–1,703,801) |
| Hospitalized DF | 8,585,571 (8,013,977–9,145,049) | 4,601,103 (3,912,993–5,104,008) | 5,160,365 (4,320,472–5,810,157) |
| DHF | 14,736,394 (8,939,089–24,885,807) | 2,412,136 (1,983,166–2,789,072) | 2,907,075 (2,076,198–3,898,951) |
| Total | 28,972,157 (22,539,621–39,744,215) | 8,818,041 (7,649,750–9,745,069) | 9,637,084 (7,835,147–11,412,910) |
| Cost to household | |||
| Direct medical costs‡ | |||
| Outpatient DF | 1,421,718 (1,176,112–1,692,248) | 257,279 (212,833–306,235) | 439,126 (363,265–522,684) |
| Hospitalized DF | 1,268,639 (1,101,221–1,468,579) | 417,141 (362,092–482,883) | 791,732 (687,250–916,510) |
| DHF | 558,397 (442,114–715,721) | 74,663 (59,115–95,699) | 83,946 (66,465–107,597) |
| Total | 3,248,754 (2,719,447–3,876,548) | 749,084 (634,041–884,818) | 1,314,804 (1,116,980–1,546,791) |
| Direct non-medical costs§ | |||
| Outpatient DF | 3,177,839 (2,903,072–4,466,444) | 575,073 (525,350–627,300) | 981,538 (896,671–1,070,679) |
| Hospitalized DF | 1,698,782 (1,569,223–1,836,728) | 558,576 (515,976–603,935) | 1,060,175 (979,320–1,146,265) |
| DHF | 610,148 (540,237–686,268) | 81,583 (72,235–91,761) | 91,726 (81,216–103,169) |
| Total | 5,486,769 (5,012,532–5,989,440) | 1,215,232 (1,113,561–1,322,995) | 2,133,439 (1,957,207–2,320,113) |
| Indirect costs | |||
| Loss of productivity (patient) | 4,667,680 (3,669,908–5,821,233) | 1,003,138 (778,103–1,266,680) | 1,762,657 (1,364,210–2,230,539) |
| Loss of productivity (caregiver) | 3,462,388 (2,839,031–4,192,188) | 743,476 (614,549–893,959) | 1,284,073 (1,063,016–1,542,116) |
| Total | 8,130,068 (6,508,939–10,013,421) | 1,746,614 (1,392,651–2,160,639) | 3,046,730 (2,427,227–3,772,655) |
| Loss of income due to premature death | 17,680,602 | 2,847,140 | 2,908,688 |
| Total costs | 63,518,350 (54,461,141–77,304,226) | 15,376,111 (13,637,144–16,960,661) | 19,040,745 (16,245,249–21,961,157) |
CI = confidence interval; DF = dengue fever; DHF = dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Costs are derived from the survey of Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, prepared from Ministry of Health and Social Protection and survey of households, Registro Individual de Prestación de Servicios de Salud (RIPS; 2010–2012), RIPS sample of towns (2010–2012), and Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (2010–2012) and are based on cost per case analysis presented by Castro and others.11
Calculated using a bootstrap method (see text for details).
Includes medical appointments, treatments, and other services.
Co-payment and medicines.
Transport, nurses' and carers' fees, lodging, food, child carers' fees, changes to living quarters, post-disease expenses, and other expenses.