Table 2.
Percent differences (95% CI) in leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) by phthalate exposure, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) | 2467 | 2467 | 2449 |
| Q1: ≤ 42.11 ng/mL | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Q2: 42.12–116.10 ng/mL | 3.67 (− 1.98, 9.53) | 2.53 (− 1.49, 6.72) | 2.43 (− 1.39, 6.29) |
| Q3: 116.11–318.45 ng/mL | 4.19 (− 1.49, 10.30) | 2.02 (− 2.96, 7.14) | 2.02 (− 2.76, 7.04) |
| Q4: > 318.45 ng/mL | 1.51 (− 4.69, 8.11) | 1.51 (− 4.02, 7.36) | 1.82 (− 3.63, 7.57) |
| p trend | 0.20 | 0.58 | 0.63 |
| Mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) | 2472 | 2472 | 2454 |
| Q1: ≤ 10.40 ng/mL | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Q2: 10.41–22.24 ng/mL | − 2.27 (− 6.85, 2.63) | − 0.20 (− 4.40, 4.19) | − 0.30 (− 4.40, 3.98) |
| Q3: 22.25–42.83 ng/mL | − 2.47 (− 6.57, 1.92) | − 0.70 (− 4.40, 3.15) | − 1.00 (− 4.40, 2.53) |
| Q4: > 42.83 ng/mL | − 1.00 (− 5.82, 4.08) | 0.20 (− 4.11, 4.81) | − 0.10 (− 4.30, 4.19) |
| p trend | 0.46 | 0.93 | 0.93 |
| Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) | 2472 | 2472 | 2454 |
| Q1: ≤ 4.10 ng/mL | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Q2: 4.11–9.58 ng/mL | 2.02 (− 3.34, 7.68) | 1.82 (− 2.66, 6.61) | 2.53 (− 2.27, 7.68) |
| Q3: 9.58–20.51 ng/mL | 0.00 (− 5.45, 5.87) | − 0.10 (− 5.26, 5.23) | − 0.05 (− 5.07, 5.34) |
| Q4: > 20.51 ng/mL | 2.63 (− 2.57, 8.11) | 1.41 (− 3.34, 6.40) | 1.41 (− 3.34, 6.29) |
| p trend | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP) | 2472 | 2472 | 2454 |
| Q1: ≤ 1.20 ng/mL | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Q2: 1.21–3.44 ng/mL | 2.84 (− 1.29, 7.14) | 2.74 (− 0.50, 6.18) | 2.74 (− 0.50, 6.18) |
| Q3: 3.44–8.04 ng/mL | 7.79 (4.08, 11.74) | 5.44 (1.51, 9.64) | 5.34 (1.31, 9.53) |
| Q4: > 8.04 ng/mL | 10.85 (6.72, 15.03) | 7.47 (3.46, 11.63) | 7.14 (2.94, 11.63) |
| p trend | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Model 1 = adjusted for urine creatinine; Model 2 = as Model 1 plus adjusted for sex, age (years, continuous), age squared, education (less than high school, high school graduate, some college and above), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other), alcohol consumption, self-reported smoking status (current, former, or never smoker), serum cotinine (log natural log-transformed). Model 3 = Model 2 plus adjusted for body weight status (underweight/normal, overweight, obese), c-reactive protein (natural log-transformed), hypertension, self-reported diabetes, and self-reported CDV diseases.