Table 2.
Frequency of biosecurity events on poultry farms in Jos, Nigeria.
| Indicators of biosecurity events | Number (%) of responses | Number (%) of farms with “yes” response |
|---|---|---|
| Events outside the premises | ||
| Awareness of biosecurity practices | 79 (98.8) | 67 (84.8) |
| Density of (>5) farmers in neighbourhood | 79 (98.8) | 21 (26.6) |
| Water bodies for migratory birds in neighbourhood | 79 (98.8) | 16 (20.2) |
| Certified sources of quality chicks | 76 (95.0) | 52 (68.4) |
| Parking lot outside the farm premises | 77 (96.3) | 42 (54.5) |
| Acquisition of second-hand equipment | 79 (98.8) | 5 (6.3) |
| Farm boundary events | ||
| Fencing with gates | 78 (97.5) | 66 (84.6) |
| Washing/disinfection of vehicles | 76 (95.0) | 17 (22.3) |
| Functional† footbath at entry point | 78 (97.5) | 44 (56.4) |
| Visitors allowed into premises | 78 (97.5) | 37 (47.4) |
| Events between farm boundary and poultry house | ||
| Presence of good feed storage facility | 79 (98.8) | 75 (94.9) |
| Appropriate carcass disposal | 80 (100.0) | 78 (97.5) |
| On-farm necropsy | 79 (98.8) | 25 (31.6) |
| Certified commercial feed sources only | 80 (100.0) | 68 (85.0) |
| On-farm carnivores (dogs and cats) | 79 (98.8) | 7 (8.9) |
| Hand washing/shower before and after handling birds | 79 (98.8) | 65 (82.3) |
| Rodent-proof | 78 (97.5) | 74 (94.9) |
| Residence of farm workers within premises | 79 (98.8) | 39 (49.4) |
| Functional† footbath at entrance of poultry house | 77 (96.3) | 56 (72.7) |
| Events inside poultry house | ||
| Separation of poultry types | 80 (100.0) | 78 (97.5) |
| Separation of birds according to age | 80 (100.0) | 79 (98.8) |
| Proper ventilation | 80 (100.0) | 79 (98.8) |
| Availability of clean water | 77 (96.3) | 76 (98.7) |
| Appropriate bedding material | 69 (86.3) | 66 (95.7) |
| Dry bedding | 65 (81.3) | 64 (98.5) |
| Frequent changing of bedding | 66 (82.5) | 59 (89.4) |
| Birds occasionally allowed to move out of the poultry house | 78 (97.5) | 3 (3.8) |
| Washing/disinfecting poultry house prior to restocking | 78 (97.5) | 76 (97.4) |
| Practice of all-in all-out management system | 77 (96.3) | 69 (89.6) |
| Washing feeders/drinkers regularly | 78 (97.5) | 77 (98.7) |
| Disinfecting feeders/drinkers regularly | 75 (93.8) | 48 (64.0) |
| Isolation of apparently sick birds | 76 (95.0) | 74 (97.4) |
| Prophylactic chemotherapy to apparently healthy birds | 77 (96.3) | 57 (74.0) |
| Consultation of veterinarians only in the event of problems | 78 (97.5) | 60 (76.9) |
†Functional footbath comprises (a) presence of the footbath and (b) frequent (daily or once every two days) replenishment of the same.