Table 6.
The use of plant-based remedies and animal-based remedies by illness categories.
| Illness categories | Ethnomedicinal applications | Plant species | Animal species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic angiopathy | Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease | Cynara cardunculus, Brassica oleracea, Ananas comosus, Carica papaya, Luffa acutangula, Olea europaea, Crataegus laevigata, Citrus aurantifolia, and Aloysia citriodora | — |
|
| |||
| Diabetic nephropathy | Renal failure | Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Petroselinum crispum, Cocos nucifera, Ananas comosus, Cucurbita maxima, Linum usitatissimum, and Citrus aurantifolia | Tenrec ecaudatus |
|
| |||
| Diabetic neuropathy | Pain, erectile dysfunction, and hearing loss | Allium cepa, Brassica oleracea, Tamarindus indica, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Morinda citrifolia | Anguilla japonica |
|
| |||
| Eye diseases | Cataracts | Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aphloia theiformis,Cocos nucifera, Brassica oleracea, Cucurbita maxima, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Persea americana, Crataegus laevigata, Citrus aurantifolia, and Camellia sinensis |
Helix aspersa
Apis mellifera |
|
| |||
| Diabetic dyslipidemia | High level of cholesterol |
Alisma plantago-aquatica, Allium cepa, Petroselinum crispum, Cynara cardunculus,
Carica papaya, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Persea americana, Linum usitatissimum, Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus emblica, Avena sativa, Crataegus laevigata, Morinda citrifolia, Citrus maxima, Camellia sinensis, and Aloe vera |
— |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | Hypertension | Allium sativum, Annona muricata, Apium graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Bidens pilosa,Carica papaya, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula, Tamarindus indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Prunella vulgaris, Moringa oleifera, Olea europaea, Crataegus laevigata, Morinda citrifolia, Vangueria madagascariensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Murraya koenigii, and Camellia sinensis | — |
|
| |||
| Infections and wounds | Ulcers, gangrene, urinary tract infection, and wound healing | Allium sativum, Brassica oleracea, Cucurbita maxima, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Lysimachia christinae, Cardiospermum halicacabum, and Aloe vera |
Periplaneta americana
Rattus rattus |
|
| |||
| Diabetes | Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes |
Graptophyllum pictum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Mangifera indica, Aphloia theiformis, Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Petroselinum crispum, Catharanthus roseus, Cocos nucifera, Ophiopogon japonicas, Bidens pilosa, Cynara cardunculus, Sigesbeckia orientalis, Brassica oleracea, Cucumis sativus,
Cucurbita maxima, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Linum usitatissimum, Azadirachta indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Moringa oleifera, Eucalyptus globules, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini,Olea europaea, Phyllanthus emblica, Avena sativa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rubus alceifolius, Morinda citrifolia, Vangueria madagascariensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus maxima, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Camellia sinensis, and Aloe vera |
Salmo salar |
|
| |||
| Skin complications | Dry skin | Avena sativa | — |