Table 4.
Mean Biomarkers For Each Race/Ethnicity Among Menthol and Nonmenthol Daily Smokers, Aged 18–35
| Unadjusted | Adjustedb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkera | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | ||
| Whites | Total (n = 72) | Menthol (n = 34) | Nonmenthol (n = 38) | P | Total (n = 72) | Menthol (n = 34) | Nonmenthol (n = 38) | P |
| Nicotine (ng/ml) | 72.2 (113.9) | 102.9 (219.9) | 50.0 (44.8) | .02* | 105.3 (113.9) | 149.3 (219.9) | 74.2 (44.8) | .05 |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) | 128.7 (11.3) | 151.5 (15.2) | 109.4(16.7) | .09 | 120.1 (11.3) | 148.2 (15.2) | 97.2 (16.7) | .05 |
| Cotinine/cpd ratio | 12.3(1.8) | 15.2(3.2) | 10.0 (1.6) | .03* | 11.5 (1.8) | 14.5 (3.2) | 9.2 (1.6) | .03* |
| 3HC | 37.4 (4.4) | 36.5 (6.4) | 38.3 (6.2) | .77 | 37.3 (4.4) | 38.4 (6.4) | 36.3 (6.2) | .75 |
| NMRc | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.31 (0.03) | .05 | 0.29 (0.02) | 0.26(0.03) | 0.34 (0.03) | .06 |
| CO (ppm) | 9.2 (0.85) | 10.2 (1.6) | 8.4(0.65) | .13 | 9.7(0.85) | 11.0 (1.6) | 8.5(0.65) | .08 |
| Native Hawaiians | Total (n = 78) | Menthol (n = 67) | Nonmenthol (n = 11) | P | Total (n = 78) | Menthol (n = 67) | Nonmenthol (n = 11) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicotine (ng/ml) | 72.3 (15.4) | 69.4 (17.1) | 94.0 (34.1) | .45 | 59.3 (15.4) | 53.4 (17.1) | 65.8 (34.1) | .64 |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) | 146.6(11.6) | 141.1(12.2) | 189.9(35.2) | .29 | 135.5 (11.6) | 116.0 (12.2) | 158.2 (35.5) | .33 |
| Cotinine/cpd ratio | 10.5 (1.2) | 9.9 (1.3) | 15.5 (3.2) | .12 | 13.4 (1.2) | 11.1 (1.3) | 16.0 (3.2) | .26 |
| 3HC | 26.0 (2.9) | 25.0 (3.3) | 33.5(5.5) | .28 | 28.6 (2.9) | 23.3 (3.3) | 35.1 (5.5) | .18 |
| NMRc | 0.17 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.02) | 0.18 (0.02) | .81 | 0.21 (0.02) | 0.19 (0.02) | 0.23 (0.02) | .39 |
| CO (ppm) | 11.9 (0.83) | 11.8 (0.88) | 12.6(2.5) | .75 | 9.0 (0.83) | 8.8 (0.88) | 9.2 (2.5) | .85 |
| Filipinos | Total (n = 28) | Menthol (n = 20) | Nonmenthol (n = 8) | P | Total (n = 28) | Menthol (n = 20) | Nonmenthol (n = 8) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicotine (ng/ml) | 34.7 (14.0) | 31.2 (17.2) | 48.6(22.7) | .48 | 49.4 (14.0) | 40.1 (17.2) | 60.9 (22.7) | .63 |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) | 94.6 (22.6) | 92.9 (28.0) | 99.3(39.0) | .84 | 109.6 (22.6) | 102.3 (28.0) | 117.3 (39.0) | .75 |
| Cotinine/cpd ratio | 10.6 (1.9) | 10.6 (2.1) | 10.6 (4.6) | .99 | 10.3 (1.9) | 8.9 (2.1) | 11.9 (4.6) | .45 |
| 3HC | 18.7(3.9) | 17.2 (5.4) | 23.0 (3.6) | .36 | 16.6 (3.9) | 14.8 (5.4) | 18.6 (3.6) | .56 |
| NMRc | 0.15 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.19 (0.16) | .48 | 0.15 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.16) | .93 |
| CO (ppm) | 9.5 (0.97) | 9.2 (1.2) | 10.2(1.7) | .59 | 9.7 (0.97) | 9.6 (1.2) | 9.7(1.7) | .98 |
3HC = trans 3′ hydroxycotinine; BMI = body mass index; CO = carbon monoxide; cpd = cigarettes per day; ppm = parts per million; SE = standard error.
aAll biomarker data are geometric means.
bGeometric means adjusted for gender, BMI, and cpd.
cNicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) = ratio of 3 hydroxycotinine/cotinine.
*P < .05.