Unadjusted and adjusted association of urban/rural status and late-stage breast cancer across 7 classification methods (n=120,738) calculated from random intercept models (with random intercepts defined at the county, ZIP-code, census tract, and block group levels, as appropriate).
| Crude Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% CI | Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) and 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method
1 (Binary Rural vs. non- rural) |
Method 2 | Method 3 | Method
1 (Binary Rural vs. non- rural) |
Method 2 | Method 3 | |
| County | ||||||
| UI 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| 2 | 1.21 (1.10–1.34) | 1.15 (1.02–1.31) | - | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | - |
| 3 | - | 1.28 (1.11–1.46) | - | - | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | - |
| 4 (most rural) | - | 1.33 (1.17–1.52)*** | - | - | 1.18 (1.03–1.35)** | - |
| RUCC 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| 2 | 1.21 (1.10–1.34) | 1.31 (1.10–1.54) | - | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | - |
| 3 | - | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | - | - | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | - |
| 4 | - | 1.30 (1.16–1.46) | - | - | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | - |
| 5 (most rural) | - | 1.38 (1.05–1.81)* | - | - | 1.33 (1.01–1.76)* | - |
| NCHS 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2 | 1.21 (1.10–1.34) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | - | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | - |
| 3 | - | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | - | - | 1.24 (0.99–1.55) | - |
| 4 | - | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | - | - | 1.15 (0.93–1.42) | - |
| 5 | - | 1.41 (1.14–1.73) | - | - | 1.36 (1.10–1.68) | - |
| 6 (most rural) | - | 1.30 (1.06–1.60)*** | - | - | 1.28 (1.04–1.58)** | - |
| ZIP-Code | ||||||
| z-RUCA 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 1.24 (1.13–1.37) | 1.24 (1.13–1.37) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 1.18 (1.08–1.30) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) |
| 3 | - | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | 1.15 (1.05–1.27)*** | - | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) |
| 4 (most rural) | - | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) | - | - | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | - |
| FAR 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| 2 | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.26 (1.02–1.55) | - | 1.18 (1.05–1.32) | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | - |
| 3 | - | 1.40 (1.09–1.78) | - | - | 1.29 (1.03–1.62) | - |
| 4 | - | 1.30 (1.06–1.58) | - | - | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | - |
| 5 (most rural) | - | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | - | - | 1.02 (0.76–1.39) | - |
| Tract | ||||||
| t-RUCA 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1.18 (1.11–1.25) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) |
| 3 | - | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29)*** | - | 1.19 (1.00–1.43) | 1.12 (1.02–1.22)* |
| 4 (most rural) | - | 1.16 (1.05–1.28)** | - | - | 1.09 (0.99–1.21)* | - |
| Block/Block Group | ||||||
| UA/UC 1 (most urban) | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | - | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | 1.16 (1.08–1.24) | - |
| 3 (most rural) | - | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | - | - | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | - |
Adjusted models include the following covariates: race/ethnicity, age, year of diagnosis, census tract percent living in poverty, census tract percent black, and census tract percent Hispanic, and mammography access. Bold text indicates statistical significance of OR at p<.05.
***
linear test of trend p<.001
**
linear test of trend p<.01
*
linear test of trend p<.05